Membrane anatomy: objectives and principles of precision gastric cancer surgery

Precision surgery is a branch of precision medicine. Surgical procedures form the cornerstone of the branch. The anatomy is the foundation of the surgical procedures. Therefore, alongside cellular and molecular biology in surgery, another fundamental basis for precision surgery is precise anatomy-this principle applies equally to gastric cancer surgery, giving rise to membrane anatomy. Membrane anatomy is the consistent structure formed by histological membranes within the body, where life events occur in it. In clinical surgery, it manifests as the anatomy of the mesen-tery in a broader sense and mesenteric bed. Its development originated from advancements in understanding the proximal segment of the dorsal mesentery in gastric cancer surgery, leading to enhanced comprehension of the natural structure of the mesentery, life events in it, and potential consequences of disruption, thereby establishing new objectives and principles for precision surgery.