Research progress in the pathogenesis of mesenteric venous thrombosis

Mesenteric vein thrombosis refers to a thromboembolic disease that occurs within the mesenteric veins. According to the cause, it can be classified into primary and secondary types, of which the pathogenesis is complex. The classic Virchow triad syndrome refers to hemodynamic abnormalities (such as liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, or abdominal masses compressing, resulting in venous stasis in the mesenteric veins), pre‑coagulation state (including hereditary and acquired thrombosis tendencies), and vascular wall damage (commonly seen in medical procedures such as liver, spleen, and gastrointestinal surgeries, or vascular intimal damage caused by inflammation and other factors), which form the theoretical basis for the formation of mesenteric venous thrombosis. Meanwhile, the concepts of intestinal microecological imbalance and immunothrombosis respectively provide detailed supplements to the mechanism from the perspectives of intestinal microenvironment, immuno‑inflammatory responses. The authors conduct a literature review on the classification, anatomical characteristics, pathogenesis and pathophysiological processes of mesenteric vein thrombosis.