Exploration of novel therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer in the personalized therapy era

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive system with an extremely poor prognosis, and the clinical benefit of conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapies remains limited. In recent years, with advances in molecular subtyping technologies and the emergence of innovative therapeutic strategies, the treatment of pancreatic cancer has entered an era of persona-lized therapy characterized by precise stratification and multi‑target exploration. KRAS G12D inhibitors, pan‑KRAS inhibitors, and antibody‑drug conjugates targeting novel antigens such as Claudin18.2 and TROP2 are attempting to redefine the therapeutic landscape. Meanwhile, persona-lized cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, and strategies targeting tumor microenvironment offer new avenues to overcome the profoundly immunosuppressive nature of pancreatic cancer. The authors systematically review the latest advances in key emerging targets and their corresponding thera-peutic strategies in the era of personalized therapy for pancreatic cancer, with the aim of providing insights for clinical practice and future research directions.