Controversies and prospects of biologic mesh in hernia and abdominal wall surgery

Biologic meshes have been explored as a potential option in hernia and abdo-minal wall surgery due to their theoretical advantages in inducing tissue regeneration and providing resistance to infection. However, high‑level evidence‑based medical evidence supporting their clinical efficacy remains insufficient. The authors systematically summarize the core controversies surroun-ding the current application of biologic meshes in hernia and abdominal wall surgery, and explore their future development directions based on evidence‑based evidence and scientific reflection.