Expert consensus on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with lung metastasis (2026 edition)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is prone to hematogenous metastasis, and the lungs are the main target organs. Due to the high incidence of lung metastasis from HCC and the poor effect of systemic treatment, in recent years, more and more research reports have shown that com-bining local treatment with systemic treatment can achieve better therapeutic effects. However, this strategy still has considerable controversy. To guide the standardized diagnosis and treatment of lung metastasis of HCC in clinical practice in China, the Chinese Association of Liver Cancer of Chinese Medical Doctor Association has organized relevant experts to form the Expert consensus on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with lung metastasis (2026 edition), based on the existing evidence‑based medical evidence, especially the clinical research results of Chinese scholars on lung metastasis of HCC.