Chinese clinical practice guidelines for dual‑graft liver transplantation (2025 edition)

Living donor liver transplantation, as one of the main approaches to address the imbalance between organ supply and demand, often faces the clinical challenge of insufficient graft volume, which may lead to small‑for‑size syndrome in recipients. Conversely, if the graft volume is too large, resulting in an excessively small remnant liver in the donor after resection, it may increase the risk of postoperative liver dysfunction or even liver failure in the donor. To overcome these challenges, dual‑graft liver transplantation (DGLT) has emerged as an effective surgical approach. This technique minimizes the resection volume of a single donor liver while ensuring donor surgical safety. Simultaneously, it provides the recipient with sufficient volume of functional liver tissue through dual partial grafts, thereby enhancing the success rate of postoperative liver function recovery. However, the clinical application of DGLT remains relatively limited in China. To promote its standar-dized implementation and wider adoption, and to further alleviate organ shortages, the Liver Trans-plantation Group, Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association and Branch of Organ Transplant Physicians of Chinese Medical Doctor Association have jointly convened domestic experts in liver transplantation. Drawing on the mature experience of leading international trans-plant centers and following the Oxford Centre for Evidence‑Based Medicine grading system for levels of evidence and strength of recommendations, the expert panel develop the Chinese clinical practice guidelines for dual‑graft liver transplantation (2025 edition) from the evaluation and selection of donors and transplants, implementation of surgical methods to prevention and treatment of post-operative complications. This guideline aims to provide scientific and systematic clinical guidance, improve the overall level of DGLT in China, and offer strong support for expanding donor sources while ensuring transplant safety and efficacy.