Expert consensus on multidisciplinary collaboration in perioperative immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (2025 edition)

The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma has made significant progress, and the application of immune combination therapy based on ICIs in the perioperative period of hepatocellular carcinoma is gradually increa-sing. To assist clinical physicians in using immunotherapy regimens more reasonably, effectively, and safely, the Hepato‑Pancreato‑Biliary MDT Professional Committee of Chinese Chapter of International Hepato‑Pancreato‑Biliary Association, Group of Liver Surgery of Chinese Society of Surgery, General Surgery Subcommittee of Chinese Geriatrics Society and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery have organized a multidisciplinary expert team to discuss and formulate the Expert consensus on multidisciplinary collaboration in perioperative immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (2025 edition). This consensus focuses on the principles and methods of using ICIs based immune combina-tion therapy in the perioperative period of hepatocellular carcinoma, and summarizes clinical recom-mendations based on the latest research progress, aiming to provide a basis for professionals in the field of hepatocellular carcinoma.