Development and practice of precise treatment of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by high malignancy and difficult early diag-nosis, with the majority of patients presenting at advanced, unresectable stages at the time of initial diagnosis. The efficacy of conventional treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemo-therapy, has reached a therapeutic plateau. The concept of precision medicine has gradually infiltrated the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer, driving the advancement of individua-lized therapies. Large‑scale, multi‑center studies have significantly advanced the molecular classifica-tion of pancreatic cancer, providing a basis for personalized treatment. Minimally invasive surgery, especially robotic surgery, has seen significant development and is increasingly entering clinical practice. The development of personalized drug screening, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy has paved new avenues for precision treatment. The authors review the latest research progress both domestically and internationally, discussing the application of precision medicine in the treat-ment of pancreatic cancer, aiming to improve patient prognosis.