Interpretation of the international multidisciplinary consensus recommendations on clinical application of three‑dimensional visualization in precision surgery for pediatric liver tumors

Pediatric liver tumors are predominantly primary malignant tumors. Due to the delicate anatomical structures of the liver in children, the typically large tumor size, and frequent involvement of major hepatic vessels, surgical intervention poses significant challenges. Complete tumor resection while preserving sufficient remnant functional liver tissue is critical for improving prognosis. With the emergence of precision surgery concepts and advancements in computer tech-nology, three‑dimensional visualization technology has gained increasing attention in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric liver tumors. This technology can enhance surgical accuracy and safety through precise preoperative planning, intraoperative guidance, and postoperative follow‑up. To standardize the application of three‑dimensional visualization technology in pediatric liver tumor management, professor Dong Qian from The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University has collabora-ted with 36 multidisciplinary experts from 8 countries to establish an international expert consensus on the clinical implementation of this technology in precision surgery for pediatric liver tumors. The authors provide an interpretation of the proposed consensus, aiming to guide clinicians in the standardized application of three‑dimensional visualization technology during pediatric liver tumor resections.