Multi-dimensional exploration of precision treatment of rectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system, posing a serious threat to human health. In recent years, with the rapid development of medical technology, the treatment model for colorectal cancer has undergone profound changes, gradually shifting from traditional single-surgery treatment to multidisciplinary team (MDT) treat-ment. The concept of precision medicine has been deeply integrated into the entire process of colo-rectal cancer treatment, aiming not only to achieve radical tumor removal but also to focus on impro-ving postoperative quality of life of patients. In surgical treatment, accurate grasping of operative opportunity and precise preservation of anus have become key factors in enhancing the effectiveness of colorectal cancer treatment. Current research and trends are dedicated to addressing these issues. Tailored treatments based on individual patient conditions and highly personalized treatment plans aim to achieve optimal outcomes while minimizing adverse reactions. This philosophy is reflected in multiple aspects of colorectal cancer treatment, including precise judgment of surgical timing, accurate selection of sphincter-preserving surgery, and meticulous application of surgical techniques. After reviewing relevant literature both domestically and internationally, combined with practical experi-ence, the authors focus on the selection of surgical timing under neoadjuvant therapy, precise sphincter-preserving strategies, and the critical role of surgical techniques in sphincter preservation.