The role of surgical treatment in oligometastatic esophageal cancer: current status and future prospects

According to statistics data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer, esophageal cancer remains highly prevalent and fatal globally and in China, especially the treatment of oligometastatic esophageal cancer needs urgent attention. Studies show that while metastatic esophageal cancer is considered incurable, proactive treatment measures can lead to survival benefits when in an oligometastatic state. The first clinical practice guideline for oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer is released in Europe in 2024. It is based on systematic reviews and expert consensus, with the aims to standardize treatment strategies. However, there is still insufficient emphasis on oligometastatic esophageal cancer within China. The authors aim to explore the current treatment landscape and future directions for oligometastatic esophageal cancer, emphasize the potential benefits of active intervention. Early identification and therapeutic intervention in patients with oligometastatic esophageal cancer may improve outcomes, which is warranted further research confirmation.