Application of endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of biliary and pancreatic ampullae diseases

The arising of biliary and pancreatic ampulla diseases is almost subtle, parti-cularly the symptoms are not readily apparent in the early stages, and patient condition become worse when jaundice and other symptoms manifest. This region′s imaging evaluation is highly intricate. There are significant similarities in the clinical symptoms of biliary and pancreatic ampulla disorders due to their similar imaging findings, complicated architecture, and close proximity to neighboring tissue structures, which make qualitative diagnosis difficult. In order to assist doctors in making treatment choices, the authors provide an overview of the application of endoscopic ultra-sound in the diagnosis of biliary and pancreatic ampulla diseases.