直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏及其影响因素分析的多中心回顾性研究(附1243例报告)
A multicenter retrospective study on incidence and influencing factors of anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer: a report of 1 243 cases
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摘要:
目的:探讨直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏及其影响因素。
方法:采用回顾性病例对照研究方法。收集2008年8月至2017年7月3家医疗中心收治的1 243例(首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院512例、中国医学科学院肿瘤医院480例、北京大学人民医院251例)直肠癌患者的临床病理资料；男734例，女509例；平均年龄为65岁，年龄范围为25～89岁。所有患者行直肠癌前切除术治疗。观察指标：(1)手术情况及术后发生吻合口漏情况。(2)术后吻合口漏的影响因素分析。偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示。计数资料以绝对数和百分比表示，组间比较采用x2检验或Fisher确切概率法。单因素分析采用x2检验，将P<0.10因素纳入多因素分析，多因素分析采用Logistic回归模型。
结果:(1)手术情况及术后发生吻合口漏情况：1 243例患者均顺利完成直肠癌前切除术。1 243例患者，219例行预防性造口，1 024例未行预防性造口。1 243例患者中，70例术后发生吻合口漏，发生率为5.632%(70/1 243)。其中A级漏19例［27.1%(19/70)］，B级漏15例［21.4%(15/70)］，C级漏36例［51.4%(36/70)］。(2)术后吻合口漏的影响因素分析。单因素分析结果显示：性别、手术方式、术中出血量、病理学M分期是影响术后发生吻合口漏的相关因素(x2=8.518，6.548，10.834，4.501，P<0.05)。将P<0.10的临床病理因素纳入多因素分析，其结果显示：男性、术中出血量≥100 mL是影响术后吻合口漏的独立危险因素(优势比=2.250，1.949，95%可信区间为1.281～3.952，1.142～3.324，P<0.05)。预防性造口是术后吻合口漏的独立保护因素(优势比=0.449，95%可信区间为0.201～1.001，P<0.05)。行预防性造口和未行预防性造口对术后发生吻合口漏分级影响的亚组分析结果显示：行预防性造口患者术后C级吻合口漏发生率为14.3%(1/7)，未行预防性造口患者术后C级吻合口漏发生率为55.6%(35/63)，两者比较，差异有统计学意义(x2=9.570，P<0.05)。
结论:男性、术中出血量≥100 mL是影响术后吻合口漏的独立危险因素。预防性造口是术后吻合口漏的独立保护因素。对于男性、术中出血量较大患者，建议行预防性造口，从而能降低术后吻合口漏发生率。Abstract:Objective:To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of anastomotic leakage after anterior resection (AR) for rectal cancer.
Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 1 243 patients with rectal cancer who were admitted to 3 medical centers between August 2008 and July 2017 were collected, including 512 in the Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, 480 in the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 251 in the Peking University People′s Hospital. There were 734 males and 509 females, aged from 25 to 89 years, with an average age of 65 years. All patients underwent AR for rectal cancer. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations and incidence of postoperative anastomotic leakage; (2) influencing factors for postoperative anastomotic leakage. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range). Count data were represented as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Univariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Logistic regression model based on factors with P<0.10 in the univariate analysis.
Results:(1) Surgical situations and incidence of postoperative anastomotic leakage: all the 1 243 patients with rectal cancer underwent successfully AR including 219 undergoing defunctioning stoma and 1 024 undergoing non-defunctioning stoma, of which 70 patients had postoperative anastomotic leakage, with a total incidence rate of 5.632%(70/1 243). The incidence rates of grade A anastomotic leakage, grade B anastomotic leakage, and grade C anastomotic leakage were 27.1%(19/70), 21.4%(15/70), 51.4%(36/70), respectively. (2) Influencing factors for postoperative anastomotic leakage: results of univariate analysis showed that gender, surgical procedure, volume of intra-operative blood loss, and pathological metastasis staging were related factors for anastomotic leakage after AR (x2=8.518, 6.548, 10.834, 4.501, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis based on factors with P<0.10 in the univariate analysis showed that male and volume of intraoperative blood loss≥100 mL were independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage after AR ［odds ratio (OR)=2.250, 1.949, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.281-3.952, 1.142-3.324, P<0.05)］; defunctioning stoma was an independent protective factor for anastomotic leakage after AR (OR=0.449, 95%CI: 0.201-1.001, P<0.05). Subgroup analysis on effects of defunctioning stoma versus non-defunctioning stoma on grade of anastomotic leakage showed that percentage of grade C anastomotic leakage for defunctioning stoma group was 14.3%(1/7), versus 55.6%(35/63) for non-defunctioning stoma group, with a significant difference between the two groups (x2=9.570, P<0.05).
Conclusions:Male and volume of intraoperative blood loss≥100 mL are independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage after AR. Defunctioning stoma is an independent protective factor for anastomotic leakage after AR. For male patients and patients with large volume of intraoperative blood loss, defunctioning stoma is recommended to reduce the incidence of postoperative anastomotic leakage. -
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