Abstract: The morbidity and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain high. HCC patients in China-usually-accompanied with viral hepatitis or even cirrhosis at the same time that led to poor preoperative liver function and liver reserve function. As a result, the requirements of operative method and resection of extent for patients with HCC were high. Anatomic hepatectomy is an effective method for the treatment of HCC, which is beneficial to the long-term survival of patients. Anatomical hepatectomy can completely remove the tumor while preserving the liver parenchyma to the greatest extent, which is different from regular hepatectomy. Theoretically, anatomical hepatectomy is the best surgical treatment for HCC. With the-development-and progress of laparoscopic hepatectomy, surgeons can operate laparoscopic anatomical segmentectomy, but it is still difficult to determine the interface between segments during operation. Laparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy guided by indocyanine green fluorescence is safe and feasible, which is helpful for surgeons to identify the interface between hepatic segments and to perform laparoscopic anatomical segementectomy safely and normatively.