Abstract: Immune nutrient is one of the hotspots of surgical nutrition therapy in recent years, and its clinical application in critically ill patients during the perioperative period is particularly drawing attention. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, glutamine, arginine, dietary fiber and other immune nutrients can coordinate inflammatory response of the body, maintain a moderate immune response, protect the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier function, and reduce bacterial translocation. However, there are some controversies in the effects of various immune nutrients on the prognosis of patients between clinical research results.