Abstract: Biliary tract tumor is a high degree mali-gnancy, which presents with early metastasis and poor prognosis. However, the incidence keeps increasing in recent years compared with other digestive system tumors, the clinical and basic research started late. The biliary tract system is very complicated, it starts up to the liver, descending through the pancreas into the duodenum, involving these three organs, beside this, the portal vein and the hepatic artery are in close proximity. Thus, there are many problems to be solved in current surgical treatment, including how to assess accurately before surgery, whether to undergo preoperative biliary drainage, the extent of liver resection, the extent of lymph node dissection, whether venous involvement should be resected and constructed, whether liver transplantation is useful to these tumors, operation scope of early gallbladder carcinoma.