Abstract: At present, liver transplantation has become an important therapy for patients with end-stage liver and gallbladder diseases. However, biliary stricture after liver transplantation occurs commonly and greatly, which hampers the clinical efficacy. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has become the first choice for diagnosis and treatment of biliary stricture after liver transplantation, though its operation is difficult and complicated. In recent years, a large number of studies on the pathogenesis and prevention of biliary stricture after liver transplantation have been investigated. Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment also have made great theoretical and technological advances.In this review the author aims to analyze the current literature and make a detailed discussion on the above issues, in order to providereference for domestic counterparts.