Abstract: Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic resection, laparoscopic resection and open resection in the treatment of gastric stromal tumor (GIST).
Methods:The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 254 GIST patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University between January 2007 and June 2017 were collected. The endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and laparoscopic or open wedge resection of GIST were performed according to the patients′ conditions. Observation indicators: (1) surgical and postoperative recovery situations; (2) postoperative pathological examination; (3) follow-up and survival situations. Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative adjuvant therapy and survival up to June 2017. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as ±s. Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).
Results:(1) Surgical and postoperative recovery situations: of 254 patients, 112 underwent ESD, including 111 with successful operation and 1 with intraoperative conversion to open surgery due to excessive bleedinginduced blurred operating view, 93 underwent successful laparoscopic wedge resection of GIST and 49 underwent successful open wedge resection of GIST. The operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, time for initial fluid diet intake, duration of hospital stay and hospital expenses were respectively (75±21) minutes, (6.9±0.5)mL, (2.8±0.9)days, (5.5 ± 0.2)days, (22 167±1 364)yuan in patients with ESD and (137±65)minutes, (48.1±2.6)mL, (3.9±1.4)days, (8.3 ± 2.2)days, (32 937±1 823)yuan in patients with laparoscopic operation and (168±60)minutes, (157.2±10.3)mL, (5.8±1.7)days, (11.3±3.5)days, (38 462±1 961) yuan in patients with open operation. Two patients with ESD had subcutaneous emphysema and didn′t receive special treatment, and then emphysema disappeared after 2 days. No complication was detected in patients with laparoscopic or open operations. (2) Postoperative pathological examination: tumor diameter in patients with ESD, laparoscopic operation and open operation was respectively (2.6±1.6)cm, (6.1±2.2)cm and (6.4±2.3)cm. The cases with positive CD117, discovered on GIST1 (DOG1), CD34 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) were 106, 105, 86, 17 with ESD and 89, 87, 59, 11 with laparoscopic operation and 46, 47, 30, 8 with open operation, respectively. The extremely low risk, low risk, medium risk and high risk were respectively detected in 67, 42, 3, 0 patients with ESD and 16, 36, 23, 18 patients with laparoscopic operation and 7, 20, 14, 8 in patients with open operation. (3) Follow-up and survival situations: 210 of 254 patients were followed up for 6.0-120.0 months, with an average time of 36.0 months, including 86 with ESD, 82 with laparoscopic operation and 42 with open operation. During the follow-up, of patients with ESD, 3 patients with medium risk respectively received imatinib therapy for 7.0 months, 1.5 years and 2.0 years, and postoperative gastroscopy reexaminations every 6 months, without tumor recurrence; 81 with extremely low risk and low risk received postoperative gastroscopy reexaminations every 6 months and didn′t receive targeted therapy, without tumor recurrence; 2 died of nonstromal tumor. The postoperative average survival time, 1, 3 and 5year survival rates were respectively 56.3 months, 98.8%(81/82), 91.5%(75/82), 74.4% (61/82) in patients with laparoscopic surgery and 52.4 months, 97.6%(41/42), 85.7% (36/42), 81.0%(34/42) in patients with open surgery.
Conclusions:According to patients′conditions, endoscopic resection, laparoscopic resection and open resection are safe and feasible in the treatment of GIST. Endoscopic resection of GIST should be selectively applied to patients with smaller diameter, with advantages of lower hospitalization expenses and better long-term prognosis.