Abstract: Esophagectomy is one of the most complex interventions in thoracic surgery. Traditional open esophagectomy requires large incision and is associated with many complications. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) contributes to less complications and hospital stay, and uniportal VATS has more minimal advantages over multi-portal VATS. Due to the technical complexity of esophagectomy, uniportal VATS is highly  difficult. Surgeons from Taiwan reported uniportal VATS esopha gectomy for the first time in 2015, and this uniportal technique was also reported by surgeons from other institutions. Nowadays, uniportal VATS esophagectomy is still in its initial stage, skills are immature, and long-term, large sample, controlled studies are demanded. Here, authors reviewed the development, skills, short-term outcomes, current practice in West China Hospital, the advantages and challenges for unipotrtal VATS esophagectomy.