Abstract: Postoperative complications of gastrointestinal surgery have become an important indicator for evaluating surgical safety in the process of the domestic and foreign clinical research and practice. The clinical economics evaluation of the complications provides an important reference in the clinical decision making process, in addition to the mechanism investigation. It reveals that higher cost-effectiveness can be obtained through optimizing complication diagnosisand registration process from a national macroscopic level, while it also uncovers the targets of the yet-to-be improved clinical decision making process in the microscopic analysis. Through clinical economics evaluation, the necessity and feasibility of interventions targeting the complications can be better understood the clinical practice, which would eventually optimize clinical strategies and proper use of the limited health resources.