Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is prone to invading portal vein system known as portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). PVTT is one of the main reasons for poor prognosis of HCC because of its rapid progress and lack of effective treatments. In recent years, with the development of new therapeutic concepts and methods, the curative effect of PVTT has been improved. But there are still many difficulties of treatment of PVTT: how to definite the indications of various treatment of PVTT, how to innovate treatment methods, how to carry out the multidisciplinary treatment and how to conduct high-quality evidence-based clinical research. The strategies need to be built for these bottlenecks. Chinese Expert Consensus on Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus (2016 edition) also provided a powerful reference experience for clinical treatment and research. Researchers should develop new treatment methods, popularize the idea of multidisciplinary treatment and conduct high-quality evidence-based clinical research in the future to improve the curative effect of PVTT patients.