Abstract: With the development of molecular biology, liquid biopsy has been the hot spot in the research of tumor precision therapy. Liquid biopsy technology has been found having high value in areas such as diagnosis, treatment and evaluation of tumor. Compared with traditional tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy technology is not only less invasive and can be performed repea-tedly at various times to monitor tumor in real time, but it also has a distinct advantage in reflecting the heterogeneity of tumor. This review introduced circulating tumor cell (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) which was the most studied in liquid biopsy, mainly focusing on the detection technology and application in esophageal cancer.