Abstract: In colorectal cancer, the incidence of rectal cancer (RC) is relatively higher. Most of RC patients have chosen surgical treatment, while patient′s own conditions, inadequate preoperative preparation, less surgical experiences of doctors,improper postoperative management and other factors lead to the appearance of anastomotic complications, such as anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stenosis and anastomotic bleeding. The risk of postoperative anastomotic complications is higher in low RC. However, it still has some controversies for the definition and classification of anastomotic complications, and the cause of complication is still not clear. The different treatment methods for anastomotic complications can be chosen, and most of them are effective. Since the anastomotic complications will affect the prognosis of patients, the prevention of complications is essential and some effective treatment methods should be used.