Abstract: Biliary diseases are common and with many challenges in clinical practice. Even though some big progress appeared in recent years, there are still many hot topics and no answer questions. Herein, this article summarized some novel achievements and put opening questions on biliary surgical diseases  including biliary tract cancer (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma and hilar cholangiocarcinoma) and cholelithiasis in order to discuss these issues with national colleagues.