Abstract: Precision medicine is currently being paid much attention and greatly promotes the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, especially cancer. Surgery plays a pivotal role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and precision hepatectomy stands as the most updated surgical idea. Application of the concept and techniques of precision medicine to further improve HCC surgery, consummate the skills and modalities of HCC surgical treatment, enrich the nature of precision hepatectomy, so as to make precise evaluation, early prediction, reduce postoperative recurrence and metastasis, find  biomarkers of molecular targeted therapy and improve the prognosis is the prime task of HCC surgery.