Abstract: MicroRNA (miRNA) is an endogenous non-protein-coding short-chain RNA, and it involves in the evolution of a variety of malignant tumors through targeted inhibition of mRNA translation or mRNA cleavage of gene expression regulation cancer or tumor suppressor genes, meanwhile, is also an important molecule in the occurrence and development processes of tumor. In the recent studies, miRNA has played an important role in the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells, and it maybe become a new biomarker for the early diagnosis, assessment of prognosis and chemotherapy of cholan-giocarcinoma.