Abstract: The surgical treatment for portal hypertension (PHT) aims to control and prevent the gastroesophageal variceal bleeding. The choices of surgical timing and procedures are dependent on the liver reserve function. Except for Child-Pugh classification and model for end-stage liver disease scoring system, the future liver remrant and pre-albumin are the important evaluation indexes, meanwhile, the choice of surgical procedures would be dependent on portal hemodynamics that can reduce incidence of rebleeding of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatic venous pressure gradient is the most important objective index forecasting bleeding risk and severity of PHT.