Abstract: With the developments of endoscopic and interventional techniques, the role of surgical treatment in some diseases is gradually replaced by endoscopic or interventional treatment. The word “surgery” may not preserve only for surgeons, therefore it is redefined. According to different interventional pathways, digestive surgery can be divided into two categories, although both are with similar surgical essentials as resection and repair. “Serosa surgery” is traditional surgery, characterized for its pathway from skin to visceral serosa and cavity, either by open or laparoscopic platform. “Mucosa surgery” performs endoscopic operations from natural orifice then mucosa surface. The intercrossing or merging of different 〖HJ〗disciplines is an inevitable trend for modern medical science, traditional disciplines may be replaced by diseasecentered medical model combined with multiple disciplines and techniques. Facing challenges, digestive surgeons should be confidential and inclusive; facing competitions, digestive surgeons should be brave enough for innovation and cooperation, and always regard patients′ interest as his first priority. A universal norm for various disciplines should be set up on the practice of evidencebased medicine; surgeons in different specialties should learn from each other, and reinforcing complementary advantages from each other; creating a novel diseasecentered multidisciplinary healthcare model on the basis of fusion of different disciplines is the development direction of digestive surgery.