Abstract: 【Abstract】The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by complex and diverse microbiota which maintains an ecological balance under normal circumstances. Short bowel syndrome causes damage to the normal flora which predisposes the patient to colonic dysbacteriosis and small intestine bacterial overgrowth. Small intestine bacterial overgrowth may lead to digestive and absoptive disfunctions, mucosal inflammation, and may delay or prevent weaning from total parenteral nutrition. Moreover, small intestine bacterial overgrowth may be one of the causes of intestinal failureassociated liver disease, and eventually lead to various body dysfunctions. In this review, the bacterial translocation in short bowel syndrome were summarized, providing the theoretic proofs to treatment and prevention.