“翻页式”完全中间入路腹腔镜右半结肠癌完整结肠系膜切除术

Laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision with completely medial access by “pageturning” approach for right hemicolon cancer

  • 摘要: 【摘要】目的:探讨“翻页式”完全中间入路腹腔镜右半结肠癌完整系膜切除术(CME)的可行性。
    方法:回顾性分析2011年9月至2014年12月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院收治的38例右半结肠癌患者的临床资料。患者均采用“翻页式”完全中间入路即从内到外,由下而上手术路径;采用由点到线,由线到面的手术策略,施行腹腔镜右半结肠癌CME。观察指标包括:手术质量评估(采用West分级系统评价手术质量),术中情况(手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫范围、淋巴结清扫数目和标本长度),术后恢复情况(肛门排气时间、进食流质饮食时间、住院时间和并发症),术后病理学检查结果[肿瘤分期采用国际抗癌联盟(UICC)第7版分期系统]。患者出院后均采用电话方式定期随访,随访内容包括腹部症状体征,大小便情况、体质量、血常规、消化道肿瘤标志物,腹部CT等常规检查,肿瘤复发转移情况。随访时间截至2015年3月。正态分布的计量资料以±s表示,计数资料以率表示。
    结果:38例右半结肠癌患者手术质量评估:其中35例为系膜层面,手术质量为C级;3例为系膜内层面,手术质量为B级。患者手术时间为(128±36)min,术中出血量为(76±35)mL。术中清扫淋巴结数目为(20±6)枚,16例结肠肝曲肿瘤患者中,2例发生第6组淋巴结转移,1例发生胃大弯侧大网膜淋巴结转移。标本长度为(22±6)cm 。38例右半结肠癌患者肛门排气时间为(2.5±1.8)d;开始进食流质饮食时间为(3.6±2.1)d。3例患者发生术后并发症:其中1例吻合口漏,冲洗引流后愈合;1例胃大弯侧出血,再次手术止血恢复良好;1例乳糜漏,对症治疗后好转。患者住院时间为(12±5)d。38例右半结肠癌患者:盲肠癌8例、升结肠癌14例、结肠肝曲癌16例。低分化腺癌10例、中分化腺癌18例、高分化腺癌6例、黏液腺癌4例。术后UICC病理学分期:Ⅰ期2例,Ⅱ期20例,Ⅲ期16例。38例患者均获得随访,中位随访时间18个月(3~36个月);36例患者腹部症状体征,大小便情况、体质量、血常规、消化道肿瘤标志物,腹部CT等常规检查并未出现明显异常,未出现相关并发症。2例患者肿瘤转移,其中肝转移1例,肺转移1例;随访期间无患者死亡。
    结论:“翻页式”完全中间入路腹腔镜右半结肠癌CME技术上可行,更符合CME原则,患者近期疗效满意。

     

    Abstract: 【Abstract】Objective:To investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision (CME) with completely medial access by “pageturning” approach (CMAPA). 
    Methods: The clinical data of 38 patients with rightsided colon cancer who were admitted to the Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between September 2011 and December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients underwent laparoscopic CME with CMAPA. The CMAPA was conducted in the “insidetooutside” and “bottomtotop” direction, which adopted the strategy of “pointtoline” and “linetoplane”. Observing indexes included the evaluation of surgical quality (according to the West grading system), intraoperative status (operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, extent and number of lymph node dissected and specimen length),postoperative recovery (time to anal exsufflation, time for fluid diet intake, duration of hospital stay and occurrence of complications) and postoperative pathological examination [tumor staging according to the 7th edition staging system of Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)]. The followup was regularly performed by telephone interview up to March 2015, including abdominal symptoms, urination and defecation, body weight, routine blood test, tumor markers of digestive tract, abdominal computed tomography (CT) and recurrence and metastasis of tumor. Measurement data with normal distribution and count data were presented as  ±s and rate, respectively.
    Results:The quality of rightsided colon cancer surgery in 38 patients showed 35 at the mesocolon with grade C and 3 inside the mesocolon with grade B. The operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph node dissected and specimen length, time to anal exsufflation, time for fluid diet intake and duration of hospital stay were (128±36)minutes, (76±35)mL, 20±6, (22±6)cm, (2.5±1.8)days, (3.6±2.1)days and (12±5)days, respectively. Of 16 patients with tumors of hepatic flexure of colon, 2 had No 6 lymph node metastases and 1 had lymph node metastasis at the side of greater curvature of stomach and greater omentum. Of 3 patients with postoperative complications, 1 with anastomotic leakage was cured by lavage and drainage, 1 with hemorrhage at the side of greater curvature of stomach had a good recovery after reoperation and 1 with chyle leakage had improvement after symptomatic treatment. Of 38 patients with rightsided colon cancer, cecum cancer was detected in 8 patients, ascending colon cancer in 14 patients and  cancer of hepatic flexure of colon in 16 patients. There were 10 lowdifferentiated adenocarcinomas, 18 moderatedifferentiated adenocarcinomas, 6 highdifferentiated adenocarcinomas and 4 mucinous adenocarcinomas. The postoperative pathological examination showed that stage I was detected in 2 patients, stage II in 20 patients and stage III in 16 patients. Thirtyeight patients were followed up for a median time of 18 months (range, 3-36 months), with normal abdominal symptoms, urination and defecation, body weight, routine blood test, tumor markers of digestive tract and abdominal CT and without complications. Two patients had tumor metastases, including 1 of liver metastasis and 1 of pulmonary metastasis. No death occurred during the followup.
    Conclusion:Laparoscopic CME with CMAPA is technically feasible and complies more with the principle of tumor radical surgery, giving satifactory shortterm effect in patients.

     

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