Abstract: Hernia is a common and frequent disease. Theory of hernia and abdominal wall surgery has been quickly developing since 1970s, since then tensionfree repair concept was originated. Continuous development of modern hernia surgery and abdominal wall surgery is based on this concept. New viewpoints include conduction of guideline of diagnosis and treatment for hernia and quality control standard, recognition of ana tomy, definition of abdominal wall, concept of basic treatment principle, indication and contraindication for surgical treatment, development and choice of procedures, prevention and therapy of complications, evaluation of postoperative rehabilitation, improvement of quality of life, recurrence rate, appearance, longterm prognosis, etc. This paper describes the latest and important related issues in order to help surgeons to know new concepts, further standardize diagnosis and treatment and finally achieve satisfactory therapeutic efficacy.