Abstract: D3 lymph node dissection could reduce the recurrent and metastatic rates of rectal cancer. How to completely dissect No.3 lymph node and protect the left colic vessels deserve further investigation. From January 2012 to March 2013, 133 patients with rectal cancer received laparoscopic D3 lymph node dissection with preservation of left colic vessels in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University. The recovery and postoperative complications were observed. The operation was successfully carried out with no conversion to open surgery and no intraoperative complications. The incidence of postoperative complications was 6.77%(9/133). A total of 118 patients were followed up for 2-16 months, and the median time of followup was 7 months. Two patients were complicated with liver metastasis, 6 with elevation of tumor markers, while no signs of tumor recurrence or metastasis were detected. The condition of other patients was normal. Laparoscopic D3 lymph node dissection with preservation of left colic vessels for the treatment of rectal cancer is feasible and safe.