Abstract: The rapid development of bacterial resistance is a serious threat to the patients′ life and health, and it′s also a focus in the field of antiinfection in the world. Surgeons should pay special attention to the antibiotic resistance in highrisk patients. Many subjective and objective factors caused antibiotic resistance, including increase of conditional pathogenic bacteria due to the dysfunction of barrier of digestive tract; enhancement of virulence of bacteria and susceptibility of patients owing to dysfunctional and low immunity; increased risk of antibiotic resistance because of application of various medical and nursing measures for severe patients (especially patients in ICU); unreasonable application of antibiotics due to insufficient knowledge of the medical staff and the concern of disease severity. In order to prevent the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, scientific and medical treatment under a variety of provisions should be adopted to prevent the abuse of antibiotics; safeguard the gastrointestinal barrier and immune function of patients; use fine operation, drainage and other specialized technology and timely detect the pathogenic bacteria and give targeted therapy; aseptic manipulation of medical and nursing technology should be applied.