Cellular schwannoma is a rare benign tumor of the peripheral nerves. The tumor is consist of spindle cells which arranged in interwoven bundles, and lacking the mesh district and palisading structure. The tumor cells are abundant, with coarse chromatin, deeply stained nuclei and in multiforms. So the tumor may easily be misdiagnosed as various types of spindle cell sarcoma. Intraperitoneal cellular schwannoma may also be mistaken as gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In this article, the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of cellular schwannoma were analyzed based on the clinical data of a patient with cellular schwannoma in the gastric wall misdiagnosed as gastric stromal tumor.