Abstract: Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) stands out as a revolutionary colo-rectal surgical technique that enables modern local excision of rectal tumors. TAMIS, as a minimally invasive substitute for traditional transanal excision, has been a more practical choice against transanal endoscopic microsurgery through its use of a single‑port laparoscopic platform and conven-tional laparoscopic instruments. The combination of enhanced visualization with superior precision in rectal dissection offers surgeons a minimally invasive approach to treat benign polyps and early-stage rectal cancers. TAMIS has become more widely adopted in recent years because it lowers both patient morbidity and the complexity of operations. The authors provide an extensive analysis of TAMIS by tracking its development from inception through its indications and surgical techniques, and examine clinical outcomes and investigate recent advancements including TAMIS′s contribution to organ preservation methods while assessing how robotic technology fits into the TAMIS frame-work. Evidence suggests that for appropriately selected lesions, TAMIS achieves complete en bloc resection with negative margins and low local recurrence rates. Furthermore, its minimally invasive nature is associated with shorter operation times, decreased complication rates, and expedited post-operative recovery. Future research focusing on long‑term oncologic outcomes and technological innovations is expected to further refine the role of TAMIS in modern rectal surgery, thus paving the way for its integration into standard clinical practice.