Abstract: Prostate cancer exhibits an incidence closely associated with various factors, and significantly impairs the quality of life for affected patients. Obesity, recognized as a global public health crisis, primarily results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. This imbalance leads to the pathological accumulation of white adipose tissue, which is intricately linked to the onset and progression of several diseases. Recent studies have indicated that obesity may influence the occurrence and development of prostate cancer through multiple biological mechanisms. Additionally, current therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer demonstrate suboptimal efficacy in advanced‑stage patients. Notably, obesity patients face an even higher risk of treatment failure. The authors comprehensively investigate the intricate relationship between obesity and prostate cancer, along with their underlying mechanisms, aiming to provide novel perspectives for the optimization of prevention strategies and treatment regimens for prostate cancer.