Abstract: Liver transplantation remains the effective treatment for end‑stage liver disease, yet it is associated with considerable mortality and incidence of complications. Recent studies have shown that changes in body composition, particularly in muscle and adipose tissue, are significant factors influencing the outcomes of liver transplantation. Parameters such as sarcopenia, myostea-tosis, and abnormal fat distribution have been linked to higher rates of postoperative complications, increased tumor recurrence, and poor survival. The authors review the research progress of changes in muscle and adipose tissue on outcomes after liver transplantation, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of existing research, and explore the potential and clinical significance of the combined prediction model based on body composition.