Abstract: As an important abdominal surgical treatment, enterostomy holds a crucial position in the clinical management of digestive system disorders. After colostomy, the diversity and species richness of the intestinal flora in patients undergo significant alterations, which not only influence the surgical outcome but also directly associate with the occurrence and development of complications such as diversion colitis. The authors review the research progress on the changes of intestinal flora after enterostomy and its effect on complications, with the aim of avoiding the excessive use of enterostomy, optimizing the operation plan for enterostomy, preventing and reducing compli-cations, thereby providing a scientific basis and reference.