Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of biliary diseases, shifting from experience-driven to data-driven approaches. By integrating multi-source data, AI demonstrates significant advantages in early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and prognosis management of biliary diseases. It not only enhances diagnostic accuracy and treatment precision, but also optimizes medical resource allocation and reduces medical costs. The authors systematically elaborate on the current application status and challenges faced by AI in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary diseases. It is believed that the problems, such as data barriers, algorithm limitations, and ethical issues faced in AI clinical applications, need to be solved by establishing a standardized data governance system, developing explainable deep learning models, and improving the medical AI ethical review mechanism. In the future, AI will become a core enabler in the biliary disease diagnosis and treatment ecosystem, driving the transition to knowledgeable healthcare and leading to a new era of precision medicine.