Abstract: In recent years, as the prevalence of obesity has continued to rise, the under⁃standing of obesity has led to increasingly profound insights. Bariatric and metabolic surgery has experienced rapid development. The authors discuss key topics including the evolving comprehen-sion of obesity, current status of bariatric surgery, advancements in robotic and single‑port bariatric procedures, endoscopic bariatric techniques, as well as novel anti‑obesity medication. At present, bariatric and metabolic surgery still faces many unresolved problems and challenges. Understanding the current status and finding the ways to address these challenges, It is of great significance to promote the development of bariatric and metabolic surgery in China.