保留器官功能的机器人胰腺切除术的应用价值
Application value of robotic organ‑sparing pancreatectomy
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摘要: 目前临床上治疗胰腺病变的标准胰腺切除术,主要包括胰十二指肠切除术、胰体尾联合脾脏切除术和全胰腺切除术等。这些手术范围较大,需同时切除胰腺组织及周围脏器,显著影响患者的长期生命质量。因此,针对胰腺良性病变和低度恶性肿瘤,保留器官功能的胰腺切除术近年来逐渐得到重视。此类手术主要包括胰腺肿瘤剜除术、胰腺中段切除术、保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术以及保留十二指肠的胰头切除术等,旨在完整切除胰腺病变的同时,尽可能保留正常胰腺组织和邻近脏器,维持消化道的原有解剖与生理结构,从而降低术后胰腺内、外分泌功能不全的发生率,提高患者术后的长期生命质量。近年来,随着微创外科技术的发展,机器人保留器官功能的胰腺切除术已逐步应用于临床,并逐渐展现出其独特的优势。笔者详细介绍机器人保留器官功能的胰腺切除术的主要手术方式及其临床应用现状,旨在增进外科医师对机器人保留器官功能的胰腺切除术概念的正确理解,协助治疗过程中机器人保留器官功能的胰腺切除术手术方式的合理选择。Abstract: Standard pancreatic resection procedures, such as pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, and total pancreatectomy are widely used to treat pancrea-tic lesions. However, these procedures involve extensive removal of pancreatic tissue and adjacent organs, often leading to a significant decline in patients′ long‑term quality of life. Therefore, for some benign pancreatic lesions and low‑grade malignant tumors, organ‑sparing pancreatectomy is now recommended. This approach includes enucleation, central pancreatectomy, spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy, or duodenum‑preserving pancreatic head resection. These operations aim to com-pletely remove the pancreatic lesion while preserving as much healthy pancreatic tissue and surro-unding organs as possible. Maintaining the digestive tract′s anatomical and physiological integrity reduces the risk of postoperative endocrine and exocrine insufficiency, ultimately improving long-term outcomes. Along with the rise of minimally invasive techniques, robotic organ‑sparing pancrea-tectomy is increasingly adopted in clinical practice, offering distinct advantages. The authors high-light the main surgical techniques in robotic organ‑sparing pancreatectomy and examine their clini-cal applications, aiming to enhance surgeons′ correct understanding of the concept of robotic organ-sparing pancreatectomy and assist in the rational selection of robotic organ-sparing pancreatectomy surgical methods during the treatment process.