Abstract: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignancy of the biliary system in China, characterized by high malignancy, low surgical resection rate, high postoperative recurrence, and poor responsiveness to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Improving the prognosis of GBC relies on early diagnosis, standardized surgical treatment, and effective comprehensive therapeutic strate-gies. Achieving these goals necessitates in‑depth epidemiological studies of GBC, as well as the exploration of new mechanisms involving systemic regulatory factors and the tumor microenviron-ment in the initiation and progression of GBC. It will help address the clinical challenges associated with this malignancy that improving the scope of surgical radical resection and diagnosis and treatment process for GBC in each stage and strengthening basic and translational research related to GBC to uncover its underlying biological principles.