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可切除肝门部胆管癌术中区域淋巴结清扫与扩大淋巴结清扫的临床疗效

魏星博, 职意凡, 唐昌乾, 李济振, 朱恒立, 郭宇麒, 任泳年, 李冬筱, 李德宇

魏星博, 职意凡, 唐昌乾, 等. 可切除肝门部胆管癌术中区域淋巴结清扫与扩大淋巴结清扫的临床疗效[J]. 中华消化外科杂志, 2025, 24(2): 249-256. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20241218-00566
引用本文: 魏星博, 职意凡, 唐昌乾, 等. 可切除肝门部胆管癌术中区域淋巴结清扫与扩大淋巴结清扫的临床疗效[J]. 中华消化外科杂志, 2025, 24(2): 249-256. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20241218-00566
Wei Xingbo, Zhi Yifan, Tang Changqian, et al. Clinical efficacy of intraoperative regional lymphadenectomy and extended lymphadenectomy in resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma[J]. Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery, 2025, 24(2): 249-256. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20241218-00566
Citation: Wei Xingbo, Zhi Yifan, Tang Changqian, et al. Clinical efficacy of intraoperative regional lymphadenectomy and extended lymphadenectomy in resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma[J]. Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery, 2025, 24(2): 249-256. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20241218-00566

可切除肝门部胆管癌术中区域淋巴结清扫与扩大淋巴结清扫的临床疗效

基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金 82103617

国家自然科学基金 82103618

河南省科技攻关计划项目 232301420056

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    李德宇,Email:lidy0408@sohu.com

Clinical efficacy of intraoperative regional lymphadenectomy and extended lymphadenectomy in resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Funds: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82103617

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82103618

Science and Technology Research of Henan Province 232301420056

More Information
  • 摘要:
    目的 

    探讨肝门部胆管癌根治术中区域淋巴结清扫与扩大淋巴结清扫的临床疗效。

    方法 

    采用倾向评分匹配及回顾性队列研究方法。收集2014年1月至2018年1月河南大学人民医院收治的187例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床病理资料;男105例,女82例;年龄为(57±9)岁。187例患者中,62例行肝门部胆管癌根治术+扩大淋巴结清扫,设为扩大组;125例行肝门部胆管癌根治术+区域淋巴结清扫,设为区域组。观察指标:(1)倾向评分匹配情况及匹配后两组患者临床资料比较。(2)术中和术后情况。(3)随访情况。正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用独立样本t检验,偏态分布的计量资料组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。等级资料采用秩和检验。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并绘制生存曲线,Log-rank检验进行生存分析。倾向评分匹配按1∶1最近邻匹配法匹配,卡钳值为0.1。

    结果 

    (1)倾向评分匹配情况及匹配后两组患者临床资料比较。187例患者中,104例匹配成功,扩大组和区域组各52例。倾向评分匹配后消除匹配前肿瘤最大径、神经侵犯、Bismuth分型、TNM分期因素混杂偏倚,具有可比性。(2)术中和术后情况。倾向评分匹配后扩大组患者手术时间为(341±83)min、淋巴结清扫数目为(12.3±4.5)枚、阳性淋巴结清扫数目为(2.2±0.7)枚、术后新发淋巴结肿大为17例;区域组患者上述指标分别为(311±73)min、(9.2±3.4)枚、(1.5±0.5)枚、44例;两组患者上述指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=-1.99、-3.92、-5.57,χ2=31.18,P < 0.05)。(3)随访情况。倾向评分匹配后104例患者均获得术后随访,随访时间为29(3~49)个月。扩大组和区域组患者术后3年总生存率分别为44.2%和30.8%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.41,P < 0.05)。

    结论 

    肝门部胆管癌根治术中区域淋巴结清扫与扩大淋巴结清扫的围手术期安全性相当;扩大淋巴结清扫可增加阳性淋巴结检出数目,提高患者术后生存率。

    Abstract:
    Objective 

    To investigate the clinical efficacy of intraoperative regional lymphadenectomy and extended lymphadenectomy in resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

    Methods 

    The propensity score matching and retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 187 patients of hilar cholangiocarcinoma who were admitted to Henan University People′s Hospital from January 2014 to January 2018 were collected. There were 105 males and 82 females, aged (57±9)years. Of the 187 patients, 62 patients undergoing hilar cholangiocarcinoma resection with extended lymphadenectomy were divided into the extended group, and 125 patients undergoing hilar cholangiocarcinoma resection with regional lymphadenectomy were divided into the regional group. Observation indicators: (1) propensity score matching status and comparison of clinical data of patients between the two groups after matching; (2) intraoperative and postoperative conditions; (3) follow-up. Comparison of measurement data with normal distribu-tion between groups was conducted using the independent sample t test. Comparison of measurement data with skewed distribution between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Comparison of count data between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the rank sum test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot calculate survival rate and survival curve. The Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Propen-sity score matching was performed using the 1∶1 nearest neighbor matching method, with the caliper value of 0.1.

    Results 

    (1) Propen-sity score matching status and comparison of clinical data of patients between the two groups after matching. Of the 187 patients, 104 patients were success-fully matched, with 52 cases in each of the extended group and the regional group. After propensity score matching, the elimination of tumor diameter, neural invasion, Bismuth classification, and TNM staging confounding bias ensured comparability. (2) Intraoperative and postoperative conditions. After pro-pensity score matching, the operation time of the extended group was (341±83)minutes, the number of lymph node dissected was 12.3±4.5, the number of positive lymph node dissected was 2.2±0.7, cases of postoperative new lymphadenectasis was 17. The above indicators of the regional group were (311±73)minutes, 9.2±3.4, 1.5±0.5, 44, respectively. There were significant differences in the above indicators between patients of the two groups (t=-1.99, -3.92, -5.57, χ2=31.18, P < 0.05). (3) Follow-up. After propensity score matching, all 104 patients were followed up after surgery, with the follow-up time of 29(range, 3-49)months. The postoperative 3-year overall survival rate was 44.2% of the extended group, versus 30.8% of the regional group, showing a significant difference between the two groups (χ2=4.41, P < 0.05).

    Conclusions 

    The perioperative safety of regional lymphadenectomy and extended lymphadenectomy in the radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma are comparable. Extended lymphadenectomy can increase the number of positive lymph node detected and improve the postoperative survival rate of patients.

  • 肝门部胆管癌发生于胆囊管开口上方,可累及左右肝管及其汇合部,又称Klatskin肿瘤或高位胆管癌,占胆管癌的60%~80%[1-2]。目前,根治性手术切除是其唯一有望治愈的治疗方式[3-4]。由于其特殊的解剖位置及生物学特性,肝门部胆管癌常侵袭周围肝组织、血管和淋巴结,预后较差[5]。根治性切除的肝门部胆管癌患者5年生存率为27%~45%,复发率>50%[6-7]。大量研究结果显示:淋巴结转移严重降低了肝门部胆管癌患者术后生存率,是影响患者预后的重要不良因素[8-11]。在可切除肝门部胆管癌中,淋巴结转移发生率为31%~58%,但常规病理学检查难以发现淋巴结微转移,实际转移率可能更高[12-14]。因此,淋巴结清扫是肝门部胆管癌根治性切除中的关键环节,但清扫范围对患者预后的影响依然存在诸多争议。本研究收集2014年1月至2018年1月河南大学人民医院收治的187例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床病理资料,探讨肝门部胆管癌根治术中区域淋巴结清扫与扩大淋巴结清扫的临床疗效。

    采用倾向评分匹配及回顾性队列研究方法。收集187例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床病理资料;男105例,女82例;年龄为(57±9)岁。187例患者中,62例行肝门部胆管癌根治术+扩大淋巴结清扫,即清扫第8、12、13、9、14、16组淋巴结,设为扩大组;125例行肝门部胆管癌根治术+区域淋巴结清扫,即清扫第8、12、13组淋巴结,设为区域组。两组患者性别、年龄、BMI、术前TBil、术前CA19-9、术前减黄、Chlid-Pugh分级、肿瘤分化程度、R0切除比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);肿瘤最大径、神经侵犯、Bismuth分型、TNM分期比较,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表 1。本研究通过河南大学人民医院医学伦理委员会审批,批号为(2023)伦审第(12)号。患者及家属均签署知情同意书。

    表  1  倾向评分匹配前扩大组和区域组肝门部胆管癌患者一般资料比较
    Table  1.  Comparison of general data in patients of hilar cholangiocarcinoma between the extended group and the regional group before propensity score matching
    组别 例数 性别(例) 年龄(x±s,岁) BMI(x±s,kg/m2 肿瘤最大径(x±s,cm) 术前总胆红素[M(范围),μmol/L] 术前CA19-9(例) 术前减黄(例) 神经侵犯(例)
    <37 U/L ≥37 U/L
    扩大组 62 36 26 59±9 21.4±1.4 2.13±0.44 57.90(36.45~96.95) 20 42 24 28
    区域组 125 69 56 57±9 21.6±2.5 3.30±1.20 57.40(36.20~89.53) 34 91 54 79
    统计量值 χ2=0.14 t=1.48 t=-0.69 t=-9.67 Z=0.01 χ2=0.52 χ2=0.35 χ2=5.51
    P 0.710 0.146 0.487 < 0.001 0.558 0.472 0.558 0.019
    组别 Chlid-Pugh分级(例) Bismuth分型(例) 肿瘤分化程度(例) R0切除(例) TNM分期(例)
    A级 B级 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级 低分化 中-高分化 Ⅰ期 Ⅱ期 Ⅲ期 Ⅳ期
    扩大组 40 22 14 21 20 7 25 37 48 7 15 24 16
    区域组 82 43 17 29 60 19 64 61 102 20 41 46 18
    统计量值 χ2=0.02 Z=-2.32 χ2=1.97 χ2=0.46 Z=-2.03
    P 0.884 0.020 0.161 0.499 0.043
    注:扩大组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+扩大淋巴结清扫;区域组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+区域淋巴结清扫;BMI为体质量指数;TNM分期为美国癌症联合会第8版标准
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    纳入标准:(1)年龄为18~80岁。(2)行根治性手术治疗。(3)经术后病理学检查证实为肝门部胆管癌。

    排除标准:(1)有其他肿瘤病史或合并其他类型肿瘤。(2)术前接受放化疗或靶向治疗。(3)非肿瘤原因导致死亡。(4)未行淋巴结清扫。(5)临床病理资料缺失。

    术前改善患者心肺功能、血糖和营养状况。根据术前CT、MRCP及三维重建成像检查结果评估肿瘤位置、分型及侵犯范围,充分了解血管受侵犯情况和淋巴结转移情况[15]。对TBil>200 μmol/L且同时需要行大范围肝切除(切除肝叶体积>全肝体积60%)或合并胆管炎的患者,采用内镜下鼻胆管引流术或PTCD行预留侧或双侧肝叶的胆道引流[16-17]。如患者剩余功能性肝体积(residual functional liver volume,FRLV)/全肝体积(total liver volume,TLV)无法满足手术需求,先对预切除侧肝脏行门静脉栓塞(portal vein embolization,PVE),术后2~4周复查,待FRLV/TLV满足手术需求后行手术治疗[18]。手术主要操作包括肝外胆管切除、规则性肝叶切除(包含或不包含尾状叶切除)、肝门部血管骨骼化、区域或扩大淋巴结清扫、血管切除或重建、胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合等[19]。见图 1。术后化疗采用吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂方案,或口服卡培他滨或替吉奥单药化疗。

    图  1  肝门部胆管癌根治术主要操作步骤   1A:第8、9、12a组淋巴结骨骼化清扫;1B:第12p组淋巴结骨骼化清扫;1C:第13组淋巴结骨骼化清扫;1D:解剖性游离胆管;1E:切除胃十二指肠动脉;1F:切除肝右动脉;1G:切除肝右静脉;1H:肝脏劈离;1I: 胆肠吻合
    Figure  1.  Surgical procedure of radical resection hilar cholangiocarcinoma    1A: Skeletonization and dissection of the No.8, 9, 12a lymph nodes; 1B: Skeletonization and dissection of the No.12p lymph node; 1C: Skeletonization and dissection of the No.13 lymph node; 1D: Anatomical dissection of bile duct; 1E: Resection of the gastroduodenal artery; 1F: Resection of the right hepatic artery; 1G: Resection of the right hepatic vein; 1H: Splitting the liver; 1I: Biliary-intestinal anastomosis

    观察指标:(1)倾向评分匹配情况及匹配后两组患者临床资料比较。(2)术中和术后情况。(3)随访情况。

    评价标准:区域淋巴结清扫范围包括沿肝门、胆囊管、胆总管、肝动脉、门静脉及胰十二指肠后方分布的淋巴结;扩大淋巴结清扫范围包括腹腔干、肠系膜上和腹主动脉旁淋巴结[20]。手术过程中,术者根据患者肿瘤的侵犯程度、浸润深度以及淋巴结肿大情况,选择最合适的淋巴结清扫方法。TNM分期依据AJCC第8版标准。记录患者术后肛门排气时间、首次进食流质食物时间、有无感染、胆漏、肝衰竭等并发症,严重并发症为Clavein-Dindo分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级的并发症[21]。术后3周复查腹部CT判断有无新发腹腔淋巴结肿大。

    采用门诊复诊和打电话的方式进行随访,术后每3个月定期随访患者复查结果和生存状况,患者术后复查肝功能、肿瘤标志物、胸腹部CT。随访终点为患者行手术治疗后死亡或末次随访的时间。随访时间截至2024年3月20日。

    应用SPSS 27.0统计软件进行分析。正态分布的计量资料以x±s表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验。偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示,组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料以绝对数表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。等级资料采用秩和检验。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并绘制生存曲线,Log-rank检验进行生存分析。倾向评分匹配按1∶1最近邻匹配法匹配,卡钳值为0.1。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

    187例患者中,104例匹配成功,扩大组和区域组各52例。倾向评分匹配后,两组患者性别、年龄、BMI、肿瘤最大径、术前TBil、术前CA19-9、术前减黄、神经侵犯、Chlid-Pugh分级、Bismuth分型、分化程度、R0切除、TNM分期比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),消除匹配前肿瘤最大径、神经侵犯、Bismuth分型、TNM分期因素混杂偏倚,具有可比性。见表 2

    表  2  倾向评分匹配后扩大组和区域组肝门部胆管癌患者一般资料比较
    Table  2.  Comparison of general data in patients of hilar cholangiocarcinoma between the extended group and the regional group after propensity score matching
    组别 例数 性别(例) 年龄(x±s,岁) BMI(x±s,kg/m2 肿瘤最大径(x±s,cm) 术前总胆红素[M(范围),μmol/L] 术前CA19-9(例) 术前减黄(例) 神经侵犯(例)
    <37 U/L ≥37 U/L
    扩大组 52 31 21 58±8 21.1±2.8 2.32±0.13 57.80(36.40~90.00) 17 35 24 23
    区域组 52 36 16 57±9 21.4±3.2 2.51±0.94 57.13(36.14~89.21) 24 28 22 25
    统计量值 χ2=1.05 t=0.78 t=-0.51 t=-1.43 Z=0.93 χ2=1.97 χ2=0.16 χ2=0.16
    P 0.306 0.438 0.614 0.114 0.078 0.160 0.693 0.694
    组别 Chlid-Pugh分级(例) Bismuth分型(例) 肿瘤分化程度(例) R0切除(例) TNM分期(例)
    A级 B级 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级 低分化 中-高分化 Ⅰ期 Ⅱ期 Ⅲ期 Ⅳ期
    扩大组 32 20 9 17 20 6 24 28 41 6 13 22 11
    区域组 36 16 11 11 18 12 32 20 40 6 16 20 10
    统计量值 χ2=0.68 Z=-0.85 χ2=2.48 χ2=0.06 Z=-0.47
    P 0.410 0.393 0.116 0.813 0.637
    注:扩大组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+扩大淋巴结清扫;区域组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+区域淋巴结清扫;BMI为体质量指数;TNM分期为美国癌症联合会第8版标准
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    倾向评分匹配后两组患者均未发现远处转移。两组患者手术时间、淋巴结清扫数目、阳性淋巴结清扫数目、术后新发淋巴结肿大比较,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后首次进食流质食物时间、术后严重并发症、胆漏、胆管炎、腹腔感染、肺部感染、切口感染、肝衰竭、肝切除手术方式、联合肝尾状叶切除、术后辅助化疗比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表 3。患者术后组织病理学检查确诊为胆管癌。见图 2

    表  3  倾向评分匹配后扩大组和区域组肝门部胆管癌患者的术中和术后情况比较
    Table  3.  Comparison of intraoperative and postoperative conditions between hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients of the extended group and the regional group after propensity score matching
    组别 例数 手术时间(x±s,min) 术中出血量(x±s,mL) 淋巴结清扫数目(x±s,枚) 阳性淋巴结清扫数目(x±s,枚) 术后肛门排气时间(x±s,d) 术后首次进食流质食物时间(x±s,d) 术后严重并发症(例) 胆漏(例)
    扩大组 52 341±83 416±159 12.3±4.5 2.2±0.7 1.8±0.6 3.4±1.3 11 6
    区域组 52 311±73 398±161 9.2±3.4 1.5±0.5 1.5±0.6 3.5±1.3 19 9
    统计量值 t=-1.99 t=-0.58 t=-3.92 t=-5.57 t=-1.90 t=0.54 χ2=3.00 χ2=0.70
    P 0.048 0.283 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.061 0.590 0.830 0.402
    组别 胆管炎(例) 腹腔感染(例) 肺部感染(例) 切口感染(例) 肝衰竭(例) 术后新发淋巴结肿大(例) 肝切除手术方式(例) 联合肝尾状叶切除(例) 术后辅助化疗(例)
    围肝门切除 左半肝切除 右半肝切除
    扩大组 5 6 9 4 8 17 7 26 19 30 36
    区域组 10 10 16 6 12 44 9 27 16 33 34
    统计量值 χ2=1.95 χ2=1.18 χ2=2.58 χ2=0.44 χ2=0.99 χ2=28.90 χ2=0.53 χ2=0.36 χ2=0.18
    P 0.163 0.277 0.108 0.506 0.320 < 0.001 0.769 0.547 0.676
    注:扩大组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+扩大淋巴结清扫;区域组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+区域淋巴结清扫
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格
    图  2  肝门部胆管癌患者术后组织病理学检查结果示胆管腺癌   HE染色   低倍放大
    Figure  2.  Result of postoperative histopathology examination for hilar cholangiocarcinoma patient showed cholangiocarcinoma    HE staining    Low magnification

    倾向评分匹配后104例患者均获得术后随访,随访时间为29(3~49)个月。扩大组和区域组患者术后3年总生存率分别为44.2%和30.8%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.41,P=0.036)。见图 3A。此外,扩大组中R0切除患者41例,区域组中R0切除患者40例,扩大组和区域组R0切除患者术后3年总生存率分别为60.5%和47.1%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.60,P=0.032)。见图 3B

    图  3  倾向评分匹配后扩大组和区域组肝门部胆管癌患者的生存曲线   3A:两组患者生存情况;3B:两组R0切除患者生存情况
    注:扩大组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+扩大淋巴结清扫;区域组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+区域淋巴结清扫
    Figure  3.  The survival curve of patients of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in the extended group and the regional group after propensity score matching    3A: The survival of patients between the two groups; 3B: The survival of patients with R0 resection between the two groups

    肝门部胆管癌根治术的切除范围和胆道重建方式已达成共识,但关于扩大淋巴结清扫对患者术中和术后的影响还存在争议[1322-25]。有研究结果显示:扩大淋巴结清扫并未显著改善患者预后,反而提高手术难度,增加并发症的发生[26-28]。也有学者认为区域淋巴结的清扫无法满足治疗需要,适当扩大淋巴结清扫范围是降低肿瘤复发、提高生存率的关键[29-30]。本研究结果显示:扩大组和区域组患者术后并发症及严重并发症比较,差异均无统计学意义;扩大淋巴结清扫虽然延长手术时间,但术中出血量和术后恢复情况与区域淋巴结清扫具有一致性;两组患者采用肝切除手术方式和联合肝尾状叶切除比较,差异无统计学意义,即扩大淋巴结清扫范围并未因操作难度提高而引起创伤,与既往研究结果一致[31-33]。Ma等[20]的研究结果显示:行扩大淋巴结清扫患者总生存期比行区域淋巴结清扫患者有所改善(P=0.044)。本研究结果显示:对于没有远处转移的患者,行扩大淋巴结清扫术后3年总生存率优于行区域淋巴结清扫(P < 0.05)。进一步研究发现扩大淋巴结清扫范围提高了R0患者的术后生存率。此外,术中有必要清扫一定数量的淋巴结用于明确肝门部胆管癌患者更精准的预后分期。本研究结果显示:术中扩大淋巴结清扫范围可提高阳性淋巴结检出率。Guglielmi等[34]认为:肿瘤分期应基于阳性淋巴结的数目而不是部位,为准确评估疾病分期情况,建议清扫淋巴结数目应≥5枚。Mao等[35]建议:根治性切除的肝门部胆管癌患者清扫淋巴结数目≥13枚,以避免分期不足,同时提高N0期患者的5年总生存率。也有研究结果显示:清扫≥5枚淋巴结可以达到合理的N分期,清扫≥6枚患者的5年总生存率远高于清扫≤5枚的患者,但清扫≥8枚患者与清扫6~7枚患者的术后生存比较,差异无统计学意义[26]。尽管推荐的淋巴结清扫数目有所不同,但这些研究均强调适当扩大淋巴结清扫范围的重要性,以确保准确分期并改善患者预后。

    在胆管恶性肿瘤手术中,常伴肉眼甚至冷冻切片病理学检查无法鉴别的淋巴结微转移。已有研究结果显示:淋巴结微转移可降低患者5年生存率,是影响患者生存的独立危险因素,可能导致肿瘤复发[36-37]。本研究结果显示:扩大组患者阳性淋巴结清扫数目较区域组患者明显增加;在术后随访过程中,区域组术后新发淋巴结肿大的患者数量明显多于扩大组。笔者认为:随着淋巴结清扫范围的扩大,不仅提高阳性淋巴结检出率,还能更大程度避免遗漏微转移淋巴结,减少术后腹腔新发肿大淋巴结病因判定的困扰。因此,临床医师应充分考虑影响预后的相关因素,制订个性化的治疗方案,以实现最佳的治疗效果和预后。

    本研究有以下不足:(1)回顾性研究存在固有选择偏倚。(2)纳入样本量仍较少,缺乏远处转移患者的资料分析。(3)患者术后行辅助化疗对预后的影响未予排除。

    综上,肝门部胆管癌根治术中区域淋巴结清扫与扩大淋巴结清扫的围手术期安全性相当;扩大淋巴结清扫可增加阳性淋巴结检出数目,提高患者术后生存率。这为临床治疗选择提供依据,进而改善预后,对于术中确认存在远处淋巴结转移的患者是否采用扩大清扫,需要进一步评估。

    利益冲突  所有作者声明不存在利益冲突
    作者贡献声明  魏星博:资料收集,起草文章,数据统计分析;职意凡、唐昌乾、李济振、朱恒立、郭宇麒:资料收集,数据整理;任泳年、李冬筱:酝酿和设计研究,内容审阅;李德宇:内容审阅,研究指导
  • 图  1   肝门部胆管癌根治术主要操作步骤   1A:第8、9、12a组淋巴结骨骼化清扫;1B:第12p组淋巴结骨骼化清扫;1C:第13组淋巴结骨骼化清扫;1D:解剖性游离胆管;1E:切除胃十二指肠动脉;1F:切除肝右动脉;1G:切除肝右静脉;1H:肝脏劈离;1I: 胆肠吻合

    Figure  1.   Surgical procedure of radical resection hilar cholangiocarcinoma    1A: Skeletonization and dissection of the No.8, 9, 12a lymph nodes; 1B: Skeletonization and dissection of the No.12p lymph node; 1C: Skeletonization and dissection of the No.13 lymph node; 1D: Anatomical dissection of bile duct; 1E: Resection of the gastroduodenal artery; 1F: Resection of the right hepatic artery; 1G: Resection of the right hepatic vein; 1H: Splitting the liver; 1I: Biliary-intestinal anastomosis

    图  2   肝门部胆管癌患者术后组织病理学检查结果示胆管腺癌   HE染色   低倍放大

    Figure  2.   Result of postoperative histopathology examination for hilar cholangiocarcinoma patient showed cholangiocarcinoma    HE staining    Low magnification

    图  3   倾向评分匹配后扩大组和区域组肝门部胆管癌患者的生存曲线   3A:两组患者生存情况;3B:两组R0切除患者生存情况

    注:扩大组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+扩大淋巴结清扫;区域组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+区域淋巴结清扫

    Figure  3.   The survival curve of patients of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in the extended group and the regional group after propensity score matching    3A: The survival of patients between the two groups; 3B: The survival of patients with R0 resection between the two groups

    表  1   倾向评分匹配前扩大组和区域组肝门部胆管癌患者一般资料比较

    Table  1   Comparison of general data in patients of hilar cholangiocarcinoma between the extended group and the regional group before propensity score matching

    组别 例数 性别(例) 年龄(x±s,岁) BMI(x±s,kg/m2 肿瘤最大径(x±s,cm) 术前总胆红素[M(范围),μmol/L] 术前CA19-9(例) 术前减黄(例) 神经侵犯(例)
    <37 U/L ≥37 U/L
    扩大组 62 36 26 59±9 21.4±1.4 2.13±0.44 57.90(36.45~96.95) 20 42 24 28
    区域组 125 69 56 57±9 21.6±2.5 3.30±1.20 57.40(36.20~89.53) 34 91 54 79
    统计量值 χ2=0.14 t=1.48 t=-0.69 t=-9.67 Z=0.01 χ2=0.52 χ2=0.35 χ2=5.51
    P 0.710 0.146 0.487 < 0.001 0.558 0.472 0.558 0.019
    组别 Chlid-Pugh分级(例) Bismuth分型(例) 肿瘤分化程度(例) R0切除(例) TNM分期(例)
    A级 B级 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级 低分化 中-高分化 Ⅰ期 Ⅱ期 Ⅲ期 Ⅳ期
    扩大组 40 22 14 21 20 7 25 37 48 7 15 24 16
    区域组 82 43 17 29 60 19 64 61 102 20 41 46 18
    统计量值 χ2=0.02 Z=-2.32 χ2=1.97 χ2=0.46 Z=-2.03
    P 0.884 0.020 0.161 0.499 0.043
    注:扩大组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+扩大淋巴结清扫;区域组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+区域淋巴结清扫;BMI为体质量指数;TNM分期为美国癌症联合会第8版标准
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   倾向评分匹配后扩大组和区域组肝门部胆管癌患者一般资料比较

    Table  2   Comparison of general data in patients of hilar cholangiocarcinoma between the extended group and the regional group after propensity score matching

    组别 例数 性别(例) 年龄(x±s,岁) BMI(x±s,kg/m2 肿瘤最大径(x±s,cm) 术前总胆红素[M(范围),μmol/L] 术前CA19-9(例) 术前减黄(例) 神经侵犯(例)
    <37 U/L ≥37 U/L
    扩大组 52 31 21 58±8 21.1±2.8 2.32±0.13 57.80(36.40~90.00) 17 35 24 23
    区域组 52 36 16 57±9 21.4±3.2 2.51±0.94 57.13(36.14~89.21) 24 28 22 25
    统计量值 χ2=1.05 t=0.78 t=-0.51 t=-1.43 Z=0.93 χ2=1.97 χ2=0.16 χ2=0.16
    P 0.306 0.438 0.614 0.114 0.078 0.160 0.693 0.694
    组别 Chlid-Pugh分级(例) Bismuth分型(例) 肿瘤分化程度(例) R0切除(例) TNM分期(例)
    A级 B级 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级 低分化 中-高分化 Ⅰ期 Ⅱ期 Ⅲ期 Ⅳ期
    扩大组 32 20 9 17 20 6 24 28 41 6 13 22 11
    区域组 36 16 11 11 18 12 32 20 40 6 16 20 10
    统计量值 χ2=0.68 Z=-0.85 χ2=2.48 χ2=0.06 Z=-0.47
    P 0.410 0.393 0.116 0.813 0.637
    注:扩大组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+扩大淋巴结清扫;区域组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+区域淋巴结清扫;BMI为体质量指数;TNM分期为美国癌症联合会第8版标准
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   倾向评分匹配后扩大组和区域组肝门部胆管癌患者的术中和术后情况比较

    Table  3   Comparison of intraoperative and postoperative conditions between hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients of the extended group and the regional group after propensity score matching

    组别 例数 手术时间(x±s,min) 术中出血量(x±s,mL) 淋巴结清扫数目(x±s,枚) 阳性淋巴结清扫数目(x±s,枚) 术后肛门排气时间(x±s,d) 术后首次进食流质食物时间(x±s,d) 术后严重并发症(例) 胆漏(例)
    扩大组 52 341±83 416±159 12.3±4.5 2.2±0.7 1.8±0.6 3.4±1.3 11 6
    区域组 52 311±73 398±161 9.2±3.4 1.5±0.5 1.5±0.6 3.5±1.3 19 9
    统计量值 t=-1.99 t=-0.58 t=-3.92 t=-5.57 t=-1.90 t=0.54 χ2=3.00 χ2=0.70
    P 0.048 0.283 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.061 0.590 0.830 0.402
    组别 胆管炎(例) 腹腔感染(例) 肺部感染(例) 切口感染(例) 肝衰竭(例) 术后新发淋巴结肿大(例) 肝切除手术方式(例) 联合肝尾状叶切除(例) 术后辅助化疗(例)
    围肝门切除 左半肝切除 右半肝切除
    扩大组 5 6 9 4 8 17 7 26 19 30 36
    区域组 10 10 16 6 12 44 9 27 16 33 34
    统计量值 χ2=1.95 χ2=1.18 χ2=2.58 χ2=0.44 χ2=0.99 χ2=28.90 χ2=0.53 χ2=0.36 χ2=0.18
    P 0.163 0.277 0.108 0.506 0.320 < 0.001 0.769 0.547 0.676
    注:扩大组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+扩大淋巴结清扫;区域组患者行肝门部胆管癌根治术+区域淋巴结清扫
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-12-17
  • 刊出日期:  2025-02-19

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