Analysis of influencing factors for gastrointestinal leakage and its occurrence time after minimally invasive radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer
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摘要:目的
探讨微创胃癌根治术后消化道漏及发生时间的影响因素。
方法采用回顾性病例对照研究方法。收集2004年1月至2022年12月陆军军医大学第一附属医院收治的3 135例胃癌患者的临床病理资料;男2 174例,女961例;年龄为(57±11)岁。术后≤4 d发生消化道漏为早期消化道漏,术后>4 d发生消化道漏为晚期消化道漏。正态分布的计量资料以x±s表示,组间比较采用t检验;偏态分布的计量资料以M(Q1,Q3)表示,组间比较采用Mann⁃Whitney U检验。计数资料以绝对数(百分比)表示,组间比较采用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法。等级资料比较采用非参数秩和检验。单因素分析采用Logistic回归模型,多因素分析采用Logistic向前逐步回归模型。
结果(1)术后未发生消化道漏和发生消化道漏患者的临床病理特征。3 135例患者中,术后未发生消化道漏和发生消化道漏患者分别为3 056例和79例,两者年龄、美国麻醉医师协会分级、新辅助化疗史、手术切除范围、术中出血量、术者经验比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)术后发生消化道漏及治疗情况。79例术后发生消化道漏患者中,食管空肠吻合口漏36例(2例合并空肠吻合口漏)、十二指肠残端漏29例、胃空肠吻合口漏11例、食管胃吻合口漏2例、胃十二指肠吻合口漏1例,同一例患者可合并≥1种消化道漏;34例经保守治疗后好转,31例经穿刺引流或内镜介入治疗后好转,14例行二次手术治疗(5例围手术期死亡)。79例患者术后发生消化道漏时间为5(4,8)d,最早发生于术后1 d,最晚发生于术后16 d。(3)术后消化道漏发生时间的影响因素分析。多因素分析结果显示:新辅助化疗史、全胃切除、术者经验≤50例是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生早期消化道漏的独立危险因素(优势比=4.262,2.179,5.015,95%可信区间为1.386~13.110,1.026~4.627,2.378~10.537,P<0.05);年龄>60岁、全胃切除、术中出血量>200 mL是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生晚期消化道漏的独立危险因素(优势比=3.031,2.804,2.223,95%可信区间为1.631~5.631,1.535~5.122,1.190~4.151,P<0.05)。
结论微创胃癌根治术后发生消化道漏患者多数通过非手术方法可治愈;新辅助化疗史、术者经验≤50例是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生早期消化道漏的独立危险因素;年龄>60岁、术中出血量>200 mL是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生晚期消化道漏的独立危险因素;全胃切除是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生早、晚期消化道漏的双重独立危险因素。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the influencing factors for gastrointestinal leakage and its occurrence time after minimally invasive radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
MethodsThe retrospective case‑control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 3 135 patients with gastric cancer who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2004 to December 2022 were collected. There were 2 174 males and 961 females, aged (57±11)years. Gastrointestinal leakage occurring within 4 days after surgery was defined as early gastrointestinal leakage, and gastrointestinal leakage occuring more than 4 days after surgery was defined as late gastrointestinal leakage. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD, and t test was used for comparison between groups. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(Q1,Q3), and Mann‑Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups. Count data were represented as absolute numbers, and chi‑square test or Fisher exact pro-bability was used for comparison between groups. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the nonparameter rank sum test. Logistic regression model was used for univariate analysis, and Logistic forward stepwise regression model was used for multivariate analysis.
Results(1) Clinico-pathological characteristics of patients with and without postoperative gastrointestinal leakage. Of the 3 135 patients, there were 3 056 patients without gastrointestinal leakage and 79 patients with gastrointestinal leakage after operation, and there were significant differences in age, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical resection range, volume of intraoperative blood loss and surgeon′s experience between them (P<0.05). (2) Postoperative gastro-intestinal leakage and treatment. Of the 79 patients with postoperative gastrointestinal leakage, there were 36 patients with esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage (2 patients combined with jejunal anastomotic leakage), 29 patients with duodenal stump leakage, 11 patients with gastrojejunal anas-tomotic leakage, 2 patients with esophagogastric anastomotic leakage and 1 patient with gastroduo-denal anastomotic leakage. The same patient could be combined with more than one kind of gastro-intestinal leakage. Thirty‑four patients were improved after conservative treatment, 31 patients were improved after puncture drainage or endoscopic interventional therapy, and 14 patients were treated with secondary surgery. Among the patients who underwent secondary surgery, 5 patients died during perioperative period. The time to occurrence of postoperative gastrointestinal leakage of 79 patients was 5(4, 8)days, with the earliest occurrence at 1 day after operation, and the latest occurrence at 16 days after operation. (3) Analysis of influencing factors for the occurrence time of postopera-tive gastrointestinal leakage. Results of multivariate analysis showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy, total gastrectomy and surgeon′s experience ≤50 patients were independent risk factors for early gastrointestinal leakage after minimally invasive radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer (odds ratio=4.262, 2.179, 5.015, 95% confidence interval as 1.386-13.110, 1.026-4.627, 2.378-10.537, P<0.05). Age>60 years, total gastrectomy, volume of intraoperative bleeding loss>200 mL were independent risk factors for late gastrointestinal leakage after minimally invasive radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer (odds ratio=3.031, 2.804, 2.223, 95% confidence interval as 1.631-5.631, 1.535-5.122, 1.190-4.151, P<0.05).
ConclusionsMost patients with gastrointestinal leakage after minimally invasive radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer can be cured by non‑surgical methods. Neoadjuvant chemo-therapy and surgeon′s experience ≤ 50 patients are independent risk factors for early gastrointes-tinal leakage after minimally invasive radical gastrectomy. Age >60 years and volume of intraopera-tive blood loss >200 mL are independent risk factors for late gastrointestinal leakage after minimally invasive radical gastrectomy. Total gastrectomy is an independent risk factor for both early and late gastrointestinal leakage after minimally invasive radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
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胃癌术后发生消化道漏患者病死率高[1⁃3]。术后发生消化道漏的患者,临床治疗棘手,患者也将遭受更多痛苦、更重经济负担和更大死亡风险,且影响长期生存[4‑5]。目前,胃癌术后消化道漏以预防为主,识别并纠正其危险因素对保证患者良好预后非常重要[2,6‑10]。有研究结果显示:消化道的愈合与瘢痕形成有关,而早期吻合口强度取决于吻合器或缝线的固定能力[11]。因此,不同时间发生的消化道漏,其危险因素可能不同。本研究回顾性分析2004年1月至2022年12月我科收治的3 135例胃癌患者的临床病理资料,探讨微创胃癌根治术后消化道漏及发生时间的影响因素。
资料与方法
一、一般资料
采用回顾性病例对照研究方法。收集3 135例胃癌患者的临床病理资料;男2 174例,女961例;年龄为(57±11)岁。3 135例患者中,行腹腔镜胃癌根治术2 224例,行机器人胃癌根治术911例。本研究通过我院医学伦理委员会审批,批号为(B)KY2024001。患者及家属均签署知情同意书。
二、纳入标准和排除标准
纳入标准:(1)手术方式为腹腔镜或机器人胃癌根治术。(2)术后病理学检查证实为胃腺癌。(3)影像学检查提示无肝、肺等远处转移。
排除标准:(1)手术中转开腹。(2)术中发现肿瘤腹腔内种植转移或侵犯周围器官而未行根治术。(3)既往行胃部手术或术前行内镜下黏膜切除术、内镜下黏膜剥离术。(4)合并其他肿瘤。(5)急诊手术。(6)临床病理资料缺失。
三、手术治疗
手术方式及具体操作方法参见文献[10⁃13]。将病理学分期参照第八版AJCC TNM分期进行更新[14]。消化道重建方式参见《胃切除术后消化道重建技术专家共识》[15]。全胃切除术中采用Roux‑en‑Y吻合,远端胃切除术中采用Billroth Ⅰ式吻合、Billroth Ⅱ式吻合或Billroth Ⅱ式+Braun吻合,近端胃切除术中采用食管‑残胃吻合或双通道吻合。消化道重建方式的选择由术者根据术中具体情况决定。术后常规在腹腔内留置1~2根腹腔引流管。
四、观察指标和评价标准
观察指标:(1)术后未发生消化道漏和发生消化道漏患者的临床病理特征。(2)术后发生消化道漏及治疗情况。(3)术后消化道漏发生时间的危险因素分析。
评价标准:消化道漏定义为消化道不完整而导致的消化道内容物外漏。消化道漏诊断标准:(1)腹腔引流管可见胃肠内容物或胆汁样引流液引出。(2)消化道造影检查可见造影剂外漏。(3)口服亚甲蓝后腹腔引流管引出亚甲蓝液体。(4)腹部CT检查提示消化道壁或十二指肠残端不完整,周围有积气和积液,不论是否出现临床症状。(5)术后行内镜检查或二次手术见吻合口漏口或十二指肠残端漏口。消化道漏发生时间由评价专家小组结合患者病情综合判断后确定,根据诊断时间,将消化道漏分为早期(术后≤4 d)消化道漏和晚期(术后>4 d)消化道漏[16‑18]。
五、统计学分析
应用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行分析。正态分布的计量资料以x±s表示,组间比较采用t检验;偏态分布的计量资料以M(Q1,Q3)表示,组间比较采用Mann⁃Whitney U检验。计数资料以绝对数(百分比)表示,组间比较采用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法。等级资料比较采用非参数秩和检验。单因素分析采用Logistic回归模型,多因素分析采用Logistic向前逐步回归模型。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
结果
一、术后未发生消化道漏和发生消化道漏患者的临床病理特征
3 135例患者中,术后未发生消化道漏和发生消化道漏患者分别为3 056例和79例,两者年龄、ASA分级、新辅助化疗史、手术切除范围、术中出血量、术者经验比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);性别、BMI、手术方式、手术时间、病理学TNM分期比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
表 1 胃癌根治术后未发生消化道漏和发生消化道漏患者一般资料比较Table 1. Comparison of general data between patients with and without postoperative gastrointestinal leakage after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer消化道漏情况 例数 性别(例) 年龄(x±s,岁) 体质量指数(x±s,kg/m2) 美国麻醉医师协会分级(例) 新辅助化疗史(例) 手术方式(例) 男 女 Ⅰ~Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 无 有 腹腔镜手术 机器人手术 未发生消化道漏 3 056 2 119 937 57±11 22.5±3.0 2 849 207 2 943 113 2 163 893 发生消化道漏 79 55 24 61±10 22.9±2.8 67 12 71 8 61 18 统计量值 χ²=0.003 t=-3.872 t=-0.864 χ²=8.395 - χ²=1.548 P值 0.957 <0.001 0.398 0.004 0.014a 0.213 注: “-”表示无;a采用Fisher确切概率法二、术后发生消化道漏及治疗情况
79例术后发生消化道漏患者中,食管空肠吻合口漏36例(2例合并空肠吻合口漏)、十二指肠残端漏29例、胃空肠吻合口漏11例、食管胃吻合口漏2例、胃十二指肠吻合口漏1例,同一例患者可合并≥1种消化道漏;34例经保守治疗后好转,31例经穿刺引流或内镜介入治疗后好转,14例行二次手术治疗。行二次手术患者中,5例(2例十二指肠残端晚期漏、1例十二指肠残端早期漏、1例食管空肠吻合口晚期漏、1例胃空肠吻合口早期漏)围手术期死亡,其中2例十二指肠残端晚期漏患者二次手术中发生腹腔出血死亡,3例因感染性休克死亡。
79例患者术后发生消化道漏时间为5(4,8)d,最早发生于术后1 d,最晚发生于术后16 d。术后第3~8天发生消化道漏61例,占发生总例数的77.2%(61/79)。其中术后第4天发生消化道漏16例,占发生总例数的20.3%(16/79),是消化道漏发生高峰期。
三、术后消化道漏发生时间的危险因素分析
30例患者术后发生早期消化道漏,单因素分析结果显示:新辅助化疗史、手术切除范围、术者经验是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生早期消化道漏的相关因素(P<0.05);性别、年龄、BMI、ASA分级、腹部手术史、术前Alb、术前Hb、手术方式、术中出血量、手术时间、病理学TNM分期不是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生早期消化道漏的相关因素(P>0.05)。见表2。
表 2 影响3 135例胃癌根治术后发生早期消化道漏的单因素分析Table 2. Univariate analysis of early gastrointestinal leakage after radical gastrectomy for 3 135 gastric cancer patients临床病理因素 赋值 例数 早期消化道漏(例) 优势比(95%可信区间) P值 发生 未发生 性别 女 0 961 8 953 1.218(0.540~2.745) 0.635 男 1 2 174 22 2 152 年龄(岁) ≤60 0 1 893 16 1 877 1.337(0.650~2.750) 0.429 >60 1 1 242 14 1 228 体质量指数(kg/m2) ≤24 0 2 374 24 2 350 0.778(0.317~1.911) 0.584 >24 1 761 6 755 新辅助化疗史 无 0 3 014 26 2 988 3.929(1.349~11.440) 0.012 有 1 121 4 117 美国麻醉医师协会分级 Ⅰ~Ⅱ级 0 2 916 26 2 890 2.068(0.715~5.979) 0.180 Ⅲ级 1 219 4 215 腹部手术史 无 0 2 772 25 2 747 1.535(0.584~4.034) 0.385 有 1 363 5 358 术前白蛋白(g/L) <30 1 35 1 34 0.321(0.043~2.425) 0.271 ≥30 0 3 100 29 3 071 术前血红蛋白(g/L) <90 1 307 3 304 0.977(0.295~3.239) 0.969 ≥90 0 2 828 27 2 801 手术方式 腹腔镜手术 0 2 224 21 2 203 1.047(0.478~2.294) 0.909 机器人手术 1 911 9 902 手术切除范围 远端胃 1 2 122 15 2 107 全胃 2 877 14 863 2.279(1.095~4.741) 0.028 近端胃 3 136 1 135 1.040(0.136~7.936) 0.969 术中出血量(mL) ≤200 0 2 661 26 2 635 0.863(0.300~2.483) 0.784 >200 1 474 4 470 手术时间(min) ≤240 0 1 245 10 1 235 1.321(0.616~2.831) 0.474 >240 1 1 890 20 1 870 术者经验(例) ≤50 1 608 15 593 4.236(2.059~8.714) <0.001 >50 0 2 527 15 2 512 病理学TNM分期 Ⅰ期 1 1 004 8 996 Ⅱ期 2 714 8 706 1.411(0.527~3.777) 0.493 Ⅲ期 3 1 417 14 1 403 1.242(0.519~2.973) 0.626 多因素分析结果显示:新辅助化疗史、全胃切除、术者经验≤50例是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生早期消化道漏的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。见表3。
表 3 影响3 135例胃癌根治术后发生早期消化道漏的多因素分析Table 3. Multivariate analysis of early gastrointestinal leakage after radical gastrectomy for 3 135 gastric cancer patients临床病理因素 b值 标准误 Wald值 优势比(95%可信区间) P值 新辅助化疗史 1.450 0.573 6.395 4.262(1.386~13.110) 0.011 手术切除范围 - - 4.349 - 0.114 全胃比远端胃 0.779 0.384 4.110 2.179(1.026~4.627) 0.043 近端胃比远端胃 -0.169 1.042 0.026 0.844(0.110~6.504) 0.871 术者经验≤50例 1.612 0.379 18.116 5.015(2.387~10.537) <0.001 注: “-”为此项无49例患者术后发生晚期消化道漏,单因素分析结果显示:年龄、ASA分级、手术切除范围、术中出血量是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生晚期消化道漏的相关因素(P<0.05);性别、BMI、新辅助化疗史、腹部手术史、术前Alb、术前Hb、手术方式、手术时间、术者经验、病理学TNM分期不是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生晚期消化道漏的相关因素(P>0.05)。见表4。
表 4 影响3 135例胃癌根治术后发生晚期消化道漏的单因素分析Table 4. Univariate analysis of late gastrointestinal leakage after radical gastrectomy for 3 135 gastric cancer patients临床病理因素 赋值 例数 晚期消化道漏(例) 优势比(95%可信区间) P值 发生 未发生 性别 女 0 961 16 945 0.910(0.499~1.662) 0.760 男 1 2 174 33 2 141 年龄(岁) ≤60 0 1 893 15 1 878 3.524(1.911~6.497) <0.001 >60 1 1 242 34 1 208 体质量指数(kg/m2) ≤24 0 2 374 35 2 339 1.252(0.670~2.341) 0.480 >24 1 761 14 747 新辅助化疗史 无 0 3 014 45 2 969 2.256(0.798~6.376) 0.125 有 1 121 4 117 美国麻醉医师协会分级 Ⅰ~Ⅱ级 0 2 916 41 2 875 2.659(1.231~5.744) 0.013 Ⅲ级 1 219 8 211 腹部手术史 无 0 2 772 41 2 731 1.501(0.698~3.228) 0.298 有 1 363 8 355 术前白蛋白(g/L) <30 1 35 1 34 0.535(0.072~3.987) 0.541 ≥30 0 3 100 48 3 052 术前血红蛋白(g/L) <90 1 307 1 306 5.283(0.727~38.412) 0.100 ≥90 0 2 828 48 2 780 手术方式 腹腔镜手术 0 2 224 40 2 184 0.545(0.263~1.127) 0.102 机器人手术 1 911 9 902 手术切除范围 远端胃 1 2 122 19 2 103 全胃 2 877 27 850 3.516(1.944~6.357) <0.001 近端胃 3 136 3 133 2.497(0.730~8.543) 0.145 多因素分析结果显示:年龄>60岁、全胃切除、术中出血量>200 mL是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生晚期消化道漏的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。见表5。
表 5 影响3 135例胃癌根治术后发生晚期消化道漏的多因素分析Table 5. Multivariate analysis of late gastrointestinal leakage after radical gastrectomy for 3 135 gastric cancer patients临床病理因素 b值 标准误 Wald值 优势比(95%可信区间) P值 年龄>60岁 1.109 0.316 12.311 3.031(1.631~5.631) <0.001 手术切除范围 - - 11.255 - 0.004 近端胃比远端胃 0.641 0.634 1.024 1.899(0.548~6.578) 0.311 全胃比远端胃 1.031 0.307 11.253 2.804(1.535~5.122) 0.001 术中出血量>200 mL 0.799 0.319 6.286 2.223(1.190~4.151) 0.012 注: “-”为此项无讨论
自1994年日本Kitano等[19]首次成功施行腹腔镜远端胃手术以来,微创手术由于创伤小、恢复快等优势,在世界范围内得到广泛接受[20‑23]。系列研究已经证实腹腔镜手术治疗胃癌中的安全性和可靠性[24‑28]。但术后仍无法避免发生消化道漏。本研究中消化道漏的发生率为2.52%(79/3 135),与国外研究结果相似[21]。5例患者行二次手术后围手术期死亡,其中2例为早期漏,3例为晚期漏。值得关注的是,3例十二指肠残端漏患者中的2例因腹腔出血死亡,其余3例患者因感染性休克死亡。这可能与十二指肠残端渗漏的肠液更容易腐蚀周围血管有关。本研究结果还显示:消化道漏患者非手术治疗成功率达82.3%(65/79),而二次手术死亡率高达35.7%(5/14)。二次手术均在患者保守治疗或介入治疗无效、病情进一步恶化情况下进行,手术时机与治疗效果的关系有待进一步探索。
本研究中,消化道漏主要发生于术后第3~8天,发生高峰时间在术后第4天。此时期是瘢痕组织强度逐渐代替吻合强度的过渡时间[11]。Roh等[16]以4 d为分界点将消化道漏分为早期漏和晚期漏,初步探讨早、晚期吻合口漏患者之间的差异,其中术者经验<100例时,早期消化道漏的发病率更高。本研究结果也显示:术者经验≤50例是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生早期消化道漏的独立危险因素。因此,建议临床医师在早期开展微创胃癌手术时选择风险低的患者或在高年资手术医师指导下进行手术,术中胃镜检查或术中漏气试验可有效降低消化道漏发生率[29]。此外,术后需密切关注患者症状,必要时行影像学检查,以期尽早发现并进行干预[30]。
新辅助化疗作为胃癌综合治疗的一部分,其治疗效果已得到广泛认可[31‑37]。但新辅助化疗对手术安全性的影响仍存在争议。本研究结果显示:新辅助化疗史是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生早期消化道漏的独立危险因素。原因可能是新辅助化疗后胃肠壁组织水肿与组织纤维化增加消化道重建的难度。Téoule等[34]的研究也发现新辅助化疗组患者十二指肠残端漏发生率明显高于手术组。但新辅助化疗史是否会增加消化道漏发生率仍缺乏高质量研究证据。年龄>60岁是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生晚期消化道漏的独立危险因素。高龄是导致消化道漏的重要危险因素[8,35‑36]。由于老年人机体功能衰退且常合并基础疾病,术后出现吻合口周围胶原纤维蛋白渗出及生长因子分泌减少导致瘢痕组织形成减慢,强度不足,最终吻合口或残端发生愈合不良甚至不愈合[37‑39]。因此,临床中应警惕老年患者术后晚期消化道漏的发生。此外,术中出血量的增加可能对吻合口的愈合造成不利影响[40⁃41]。
全胃切除是胃癌根治术后发生早、晚期消化道漏的独立危险因素。其原因可能与食管胃结合部独特的生理结构有关:(1)腹腔镜全胃切除术中,食管裂孔手术空间狭小,食管空肠吻合平面高,手术操作难度极大,对手术医师的能力和经验要求更高[40]。远端胃切除术较高的熟练度可能有助于外科医师更快掌握全胃切除术[42]。(2)从解剖结构看,食管肌纤维呈纵向分布,且缺乏浆膜层,吻合口能够承受的张力更低,同时愈合所需的胶原蛋白分泌相对减少,增加吻合口漏发生风险[18]。
本研究存在局限性:(1)本研究为回顾性设计,未收集吻合口张力、吻合口血供等指标,未来有待进一步分析。(2)本研究中患者术后未常规行消化道造影或CT检查,尽管经过评价专家小组评估,但消化道漏发生的实际时间可能与评估不完全一致,这可能导致结果出现偏差。
综上,微创胃癌根治术后发生消化道漏患者多数通过非手术方法可治愈;新辅助化疗史、术者经验≤50例是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生早期消化道漏的独立危险因素;年龄>60岁、术中出血量>200 mL是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生晚期消化道漏的独立危险因素;全胃切除是影响微创胃癌根治术后发生早、晚期消化道漏的双重独立危险因素。
梁承龙:试验设计,数据整理,统计分析,文章撰写;林夏:试验设计,论文审阅;李政焰:试验设计,数据统计分析;吴维高:数据收集与整理;谭陈俊:数据整理;赵永亮:研究指导,试验设计,论文审阅所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突梁承龙, 林夏, 李政焰, 等. 微创胃癌根治术后消化道漏及发生时间的影响因素分析[J]. 中华消化外科杂志, 2024, 23(10): 1345-1353. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20240818-00385.http://journal.yiigle.com/LinkIn.do?linkin_type=cma&DOI=10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20240818-24385 -
表 1 胃癌根治术后未发生消化道漏和发生消化道漏患者一般资料比较
Table 1 Comparison of general data between patients with and without postoperative gastrointestinal leakage after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer
消化道漏情况 例数 性别(例) 年龄(x±s,岁) 体质量指数(x±s,kg/m2) 美国麻醉医师协会分级(例) 新辅助化疗史(例) 手术方式(例) 男 女 Ⅰ~Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 无 有 腹腔镜手术 机器人手术 未发生消化道漏 3 056 2 119 937 57±11 22.5±3.0 2 849 207 2 943 113 2 163 893 发生消化道漏 79 55 24 61±10 22.9±2.8 67 12 71 8 61 18 统计量值 χ²=0.003 t=-3.872 t=-0.864 χ²=8.395 - χ²=1.548 P值 0.957 <0.001 0.398 0.004 0.014a 0.213 注: “-”表示无;a采用Fisher确切概率法表 2 影响3 135例胃癌根治术后发生早期消化道漏的单因素分析
Table 2 Univariate analysis of early gastrointestinal leakage after radical gastrectomy for 3 135 gastric cancer patients
临床病理因素 赋值 例数 早期消化道漏(例) 优势比(95%可信区间) P值 发生 未发生 性别 女 0 961 8 953 1.218(0.540~2.745) 0.635 男 1 2 174 22 2 152 年龄(岁) ≤60 0 1 893 16 1 877 1.337(0.650~2.750) 0.429 >60 1 1 242 14 1 228 体质量指数(kg/m2) ≤24 0 2 374 24 2 350 0.778(0.317~1.911) 0.584 >24 1 761 6 755 新辅助化疗史 无 0 3 014 26 2 988 3.929(1.349~11.440) 0.012 有 1 121 4 117 美国麻醉医师协会分级 Ⅰ~Ⅱ级 0 2 916 26 2 890 2.068(0.715~5.979) 0.180 Ⅲ级 1 219 4 215 腹部手术史 无 0 2 772 25 2 747 1.535(0.584~4.034) 0.385 有 1 363 5 358 术前白蛋白(g/L) <30 1 35 1 34 0.321(0.043~2.425) 0.271 ≥30 0 3 100 29 3 071 术前血红蛋白(g/L) <90 1 307 3 304 0.977(0.295~3.239) 0.969 ≥90 0 2 828 27 2 801 手术方式 腹腔镜手术 0 2 224 21 2 203 1.047(0.478~2.294) 0.909 机器人手术 1 911 9 902 手术切除范围 远端胃 1 2 122 15 2 107 全胃 2 877 14 863 2.279(1.095~4.741) 0.028 近端胃 3 136 1 135 1.040(0.136~7.936) 0.969 术中出血量(mL) ≤200 0 2 661 26 2 635 0.863(0.300~2.483) 0.784 >200 1 474 4 470 手术时间(min) ≤240 0 1 245 10 1 235 1.321(0.616~2.831) 0.474 >240 1 1 890 20 1 870 术者经验(例) ≤50 1 608 15 593 4.236(2.059~8.714) <0.001 >50 0 2 527 15 2 512 病理学TNM分期 Ⅰ期 1 1 004 8 996 Ⅱ期 2 714 8 706 1.411(0.527~3.777) 0.493 Ⅲ期 3 1 417 14 1 403 1.242(0.519~2.973) 0.626 表 3 影响3 135例胃癌根治术后发生早期消化道漏的多因素分析
Table 3 Multivariate analysis of early gastrointestinal leakage after radical gastrectomy for 3 135 gastric cancer patients
临床病理因素 b值 标准误 Wald值 优势比(95%可信区间) P值 新辅助化疗史 1.450 0.573 6.395 4.262(1.386~13.110) 0.011 手术切除范围 - - 4.349 - 0.114 全胃比远端胃 0.779 0.384 4.110 2.179(1.026~4.627) 0.043 近端胃比远端胃 -0.169 1.042 0.026 0.844(0.110~6.504) 0.871 术者经验≤50例 1.612 0.379 18.116 5.015(2.387~10.537) <0.001 注: “-”为此项无表 4 影响3 135例胃癌根治术后发生晚期消化道漏的单因素分析
Table 4 Univariate analysis of late gastrointestinal leakage after radical gastrectomy for 3 135 gastric cancer patients
临床病理因素 赋值 例数 晚期消化道漏(例) 优势比(95%可信区间) P值 发生 未发生 性别 女 0 961 16 945 0.910(0.499~1.662) 0.760 男 1 2 174 33 2 141 年龄(岁) ≤60 0 1 893 15 1 878 3.524(1.911~6.497) <0.001 >60 1 1 242 34 1 208 体质量指数(kg/m2) ≤24 0 2 374 35 2 339 1.252(0.670~2.341) 0.480 >24 1 761 14 747 新辅助化疗史 无 0 3 014 45 2 969 2.256(0.798~6.376) 0.125 有 1 121 4 117 美国麻醉医师协会分级 Ⅰ~Ⅱ级 0 2 916 41 2 875 2.659(1.231~5.744) 0.013 Ⅲ级 1 219 8 211 腹部手术史 无 0 2 772 41 2 731 1.501(0.698~3.228) 0.298 有 1 363 8 355 术前白蛋白(g/L) <30 1 35 1 34 0.535(0.072~3.987) 0.541 ≥30 0 3 100 48 3 052 术前血红蛋白(g/L) <90 1 307 1 306 5.283(0.727~38.412) 0.100 ≥90 0 2 828 48 2 780 手术方式 腹腔镜手术 0 2 224 40 2 184 0.545(0.263~1.127) 0.102 机器人手术 1 911 9 902 手术切除范围 远端胃 1 2 122 19 2 103 全胃 2 877 27 850 3.516(1.944~6.357) <0.001 近端胃 3 136 3 133 2.497(0.730~8.543) 0.145 表 5 影响3 135例胃癌根治术后发生晚期消化道漏的多因素分析
Table 5 Multivariate analysis of late gastrointestinal leakage after radical gastrectomy for 3 135 gastric cancer patients
临床病理因素 b值 标准误 Wald值 优势比(95%可信区间) P值 年龄>60岁 1.109 0.316 12.311 3.031(1.631~5.631) <0.001 手术切除范围 - - 11.255 - 0.004 近端胃比远端胃 0.641 0.634 1.024 1.899(0.548~6.578) 0.311 全胃比远端胃 1.031 0.307 11.253 2.804(1.535~5.122) 0.001 术中出血量>200 mL 0.799 0.319 6.286 2.223(1.190~4.151) 0.012 注: “-”为此项无 -
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