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术前淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值‑血小板与淋巴细胞比值评分模型对胰腺导管腺癌根治术预后的预测价值

刘旭东, 王云生, 杜鹏, 赵斌, 张国强, 郑强, 赖佳敏, 程志斌

刘旭东, 王云生, 杜鹏, 等. 术前淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值‑血小板与淋巴细胞比值评分模型对胰腺导管腺癌根治术预后的预测价值[J]. 中华消化外科杂志, 2023, 22(11): 1351-1360. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20230930-00125
引用本文: 刘旭东, 王云生, 杜鹏, 等. 术前淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值‑血小板与淋巴细胞比值评分模型对胰腺导管腺癌根治术预后的预测价值[J]. 中华消化外科杂志, 2023, 22(11): 1351-1360. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20230930-00125
Liu Xudong, Wang Yunsheng, Du Peng, et al. The predictive value of preoperative lymphocyte‑to‑monocyte ratio combined with platelet⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratio scoring model for prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after radical resection[J]. Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery, 2023, 22(11): 1351-1360. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20230930-00125
Citation: Liu Xudong, Wang Yunsheng, Du Peng, et al. The predictive value of preoperative lymphocyte‑to‑monocyte ratio combined with platelet⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratio scoring model for prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after radical resection[J]. Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery, 2023, 22(11): 1351-1360. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20230930-00125

术前淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值‑血小板与淋巴细胞比值评分模型对胰腺导管腺癌根治术预后的预测价值

基金项目: 

甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目 CY2020‑MS04

甘肃省卫生行业科研计划项目 GSWSKY-2019-66

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    程志斌,Email:zhibin_cheng@hotmail.com

The predictive value of preoperative lymphocyte‑to‑monocyte ratio combined with platelet⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratio scoring model for prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after radical resection

Funds: 

Gansu Province Higher Education Innovation Fund Project CY2020‑MS04

Gansu Province Health Industry Scientific Research Program GSWSKY-2019-66

More Information
  • 摘要:
    目的 

    探讨术前淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值(LMR)‑血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)评分模型对胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)根治术后预后的预测价值。

    方法 

    采用回顾性队列研究方法。收集2015年1月至2019年12月兰州大学第二医院收治的116例PDAC患者的临床病理资料;男73例,女43例;年龄为61.5(29.0~75.0)岁。患者均行胰腺癌根治术。观察指标:(1)LMR、PLR的最佳截断值。(2)不同术前LMR‑PLR评分患者的临床病理特征。(3)随访和生存情况。(4)PDAC患者预后的影响因素分析。(5)列线图预测模型构建及验证。偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示。计数资料以绝对数表示,组间比较采用χ²检验。等级资料比较采用Mann‑Whitney U检验。采用Graphpad prism 8绘制生存曲线,Kaplan‑Meier法计算生存率,Log‑Rank检验进行生存分析。单因素和多因素分析采用COX比例风险回归模型。采用X‑tile软件确定LMR、PLR的最佳截断值。根据多因素分析结果构建列线图预测模型,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,以曲线下面积(AUC)评价列线图预测模型的区分度。以校准曲线评价列线图预测模型的一致性。以决策曲线评价临床获益度。

    结果 

    (1)LMR、PLR的最佳截断值。LMR、PLR的最佳截断值分别为1.9和156.3。(2)不同术前LMR‑PLR评分患者的临床病理特征。术前LMR‑PLR评分为0、1、2分患者分别为11、42、63例。上述3者CA125(<12.4 U/mL)、脉管侵犯、术后化疗分别为1、8、24例,9、27、27例,3、26、43例,不同LMR‑PLR评分患者上述指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ²=6.73、8.37、6.68,P<0.05)。(3)随访和生存情况。116例患者均获得随访,随访时间为39(2~86)个月。116例PDAC患者术后1、2、3生存率分别为50.9%、37.9%、19.3%,生存时间为13(1~85)个月。LMR‑PLR评分为0、1、2分患者生存时间分别为3(1~9)个月、7(2~56)个月、26(2~85)个月,3者生存情况比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=48.78,P<0.05)。(4)PDAC患者预后的影响因素分析。多因素分析结果显示:癌胚抗原、CA19‑9、LMR‑PLR评分、肿瘤长径是PADC患者预后的独立影响因素[风险比=1.61,1.88,0.27,1.87,95%可信区间(CI)为1.02~2.54,1.18~3.00,0.19~0.39,1.13~3.09,P<0.05]。(5)列线图预测模型构建及验证。纳入癌胚抗原、CA19‑9、LMR‑PLR评分、肿瘤长径构建列线图预测模型。绘制ROC曲线预测患者1、2、3年生存率的AUC分别为0.86(95%CI为0.79~0.93,P<0.05)、0.86(95%CI为0.79~0.92,P<0.05)、0.87(95%CI为0.78~0.95,P<0.05)。校准曲线结果显示:列线图预测模型的预测生存率和实际生存率一致性较好(一致性指数为0.74)。决策曲线结果显示:在风险阈值为0.12~0.85,列线图预测模型预测性能优于单一因素的预测性能。

    结论 

    癌胚抗原、CA19‑9、LMR‑PLR评分、肿瘤长径是PDAC患者根治术后预后的独立影响因素,其列线图预测模型可预测患者术后生存率。预测生存率和实际生存率一致性较好。在风险阈值为0.12~0.85,列线图预测模型预测性能优于单一因素预测性能。

    Abstract:
    Objective 

    To investigate the predictive value of preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) combined with platelet‑to‑lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (LMR‑PLR) scoring model for prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after radical resection.

    Methods 

    The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 116 patients with PDAC who were admitted to the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2015 to December 2019 were collected. There were 73 males and 43 females, aged 61.5(range, 29.0-75.0)years. All patients underwent radical resection for PDAC. Observation indicators: (1) optimal cut‑off value of LMR and PLR; (2) clinicopathological features of patients with different scores of preoperative LMR‑PLR scoring model; (3) follow‑up and survival; (4) influencing factors for prognosis of PDAC patients; (5) construction and verification of nomogram prediction model. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi‑square test. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the Mann‑Whitney U test. The Graphpad prism 8 was used to draw survival curve, the Kaplan‑Meier method was used to calculate survival rate, and the Log‑Rank test was used for survival analysis. The COX proportional hazard regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. The X‑tile software was used to determine the optimal cut‑off values of LMR and PLR. The nomogram prediction model was conducted based on the results of multivariate analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn. The area under curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the discrimination of nomogram prediction model. The calibration curve was used to evaluate the consistency of nomogram prediction model and the decision curve was used to evaluate the clinical benefits.

    Results 

    (1) Optimal cut‑off value of LMR and PLR. The optimal cut‑off values of LMR and PLR were 1.9 and 156.3. (2) Clinicopathological features of patients with different scores of preoperative LMR‑PLR scoring model. Cases with LMR‑PLR scoring as 0, 1, 2 were 11, 42, 63. Cases with CA125 <12.4 U/mL, cases postoperative with vascular invasion, cases with postoperative chemotherapy in patients with 0, 1, 2 of LMR‑PLR scoring were 1, 8, 24, 9, 27, 27, 3, 26, 43, showing significant differences among them (χ²=6.73, 8.37, 6.68, P<0.05). (3) Follow‑up and survival. All 116 patients were followed up for 39(range, 2-86)months. The 1‑, 2‑, 3‑year survival rate of 116 PDAC patients was 50.9%, 37.9%, 19.3%, respectively, with a survival time of 13(range, 1-85)months. The survival time of patients with LMR‑PLR scoring as 0, 1, 2 was 3(range, 1-9)months, 7(range, 2-56)months, 26(range, 2-85)months, respectively, showing a significant difference among them (χ²=48.78, P<0.05). (4) Influencing factors for prognosis of PDAC patients. Results of multivariate analysis showed that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19‑9, LMR‑PLR score, tumor diameter were independent factors affecting prognosis of patients (hazard ratio=1.61, 1.88, 0.27, 1.87, 95% confidence interval as 1.02-2.54, 1.18-3.00, 0.19-0.39, 1.13-3.09, P<0.05). (5) Construction and verification of nomogram prediction model. The nomogram prediction model was constructed based on CEA, CA19‑9, LMR‑PLR score and tumor diameter. The AUC of ROC curve in predicting 1‑, 2‑, 3‑year survival rate of patients was 0.86 (95% confidence interval as 0.79-0.93, P<0.05), 0.86 (95% confidence interval as 0.79-0.92, P<0.05), 0.87 (95% confidence interval as 0.78-0.95, P<0.05), respectively. Results of calibration curve showed that the predicted survival rate of nomogram prediction model was consistent with the actual survival rate, with the consistency index as 0.74. Results of decision curve showed that the predictive performance of nomogram prediction model was superior to that of a single factor at a risk threshold of 0.12-0.85.

    Conclusions 

    CEA, CA19‑9, LMR‑PLR score, tumor diameter are independent factors affecting prognosis of patients undergoing radical resection for PDAC, and the nomogram prediction model can predict postoperative survival rate. The predicted survival rate of nomogram prediction model is consistent with the actual survival rate, and the predictive performance of nomogram prediction model is superior to that of a single factor at a risk threshold of 0.12-0.85.

  • 胰腺癌是消化系统中恶性程度极高的肿瘤之一[13]。其中,胰腺导管腺癌(pancreatic ductal adeno⁃carcinoma,PDAC)是胰腺癌中最常见且恶性程度较高的病理学类型[46]。已有研究结果显示:炎症参与细胞转化、存活、增殖、侵袭、血管生成和转移等肿瘤发生步骤[713]。术前中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、PLT与淋巴细胞比值(platelet⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratio,PLR)、淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值(lymphocyte⁃monocyte ratio,LMR)、全身免疫炎症指数与胰腺癌预后的研究日益深入[1419]。已有研究结果显示:LMR⁃PLR评分与胃癌、非小细胞肺癌预后相关,预测患者术后生存状况更加敏感[2021]。本研究回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年12月兰州大学第二医院收治的116例PDAC患者的临床病理资料,探讨LMR⁃PLR评分模型对PDAC根治术后预后的预测价值。

    采用回顾性队列研究方法。收集116例PDAC患者的临床病理资料;男73例,女43例;年龄为61.5(29.0~75.0)岁。本研究通过兰州大学第二医院医学伦理委员会审批,批号为2022A‑237。患者及家属均签署知情同意书。

    纳入标准:(1)行根治性手术。(2)术后组织病理学检查诊断为PDAC。(3)无其他恶性肿瘤病史。(4)临床病理资料完整。

    排除标准:(1)术后组织病理学检查诊断为非PDAC。(2)术后因严重并发症致生存时间<30 d。(3)合并影响血细胞分析的疾病,如血液系统疾病、急性或慢性感染性疾病等。(4)临床病理资料缺失。

    观察指标:(1)LMR、PLR的最佳截断值(2)不同术前LMR‑PLR评分患者的临床病理特征:性别、年龄、ALT/AST、TBil、AFP、CEA、CA125、CA19‑9、肿瘤长径、TNM分期、手术切缘、肿瘤分化程度、脉管侵犯、神经侵犯、术后化疗。(3)随访和生存情况:获得随访患者例数、随访时间、患者生存情况。(4)PDAC患者预后的影响因素分析:性别、年龄、ALT/AST、TBil、AFP、CEA、CA125、CA19‑9、LMR⁃PLR评分、肿瘤长径、TNM分期、手术切缘、肿瘤分化程度、脉管侵犯、神经侵犯、术后化疗。(5)列线图预测模型构建及验证。

    评价标准:(1)LMR为淋巴细胞绝对值/单核细胞绝对值;PLR为PLT绝对值/淋巴细胞绝对值。(2)使用X‑tile软件确定LMR、PLR的最佳截断值(Kaplan‑Meier法绘制生存曲线,经Log‑Rank检验确定P值最小的结果即为最佳截断值)。(3)LMR⁃PLR评分标准:LMR<1.9且PLR≥156.3,LMR‑PLR评分为0分;LMR≥1.9或PLR<156.3,LMR‑PLR评分为1分;LMR≥1.9且PLR<156.3,LMR‑PLR评分为2分。(4)总生存时间定义为自手术日期至末次有效随访日期或患者死亡日期。

    采用门诊和电话方式进行随访。随访内容包括临床及实验室检查,了解患者术后生存情况。随访时间截至2022年3月。

    应用SPSS 26.0统计软件和R软件(4.1.2版本)进行分析。偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示。计数资料以绝对数表示,组间比较采用χ²检验。等级资料比较采用Mann‑Whitney U检验。采用Graphpad prism 8绘制生存曲线,Kaplan‑Meier法计算生存率,Log⁃Rank检验进行生存分析。单因素和多因素分析采用COX比例风险回归模型。采用X‑tile软件(3.6.1版本)确定LMR、PLR的最佳截断值。根据多因素分析结果构建列线图预测模型,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,以曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)评价列线图预测模型的区分度。以校准曲线评价列线图预测模型的一致性。以决策曲线评价临床获益度。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

    LMR、PLR的最佳截断值分别为1.9和156.3。见图1。116例患者中14例LMR<1.9,102例LMR≥1.9,66例PLR<156.3,50例PLR≥156.3。

    图  1  X‑tile软件计算淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值(LMR)和血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)的最佳截断值 1A:三角形网络可视化呈现LMR数据集;1B:LMR最佳截断值两侧患者数量分布直方图;1C:三角形网络可视化呈现PLR数据集;1D:PLR最佳截断值两侧患者数量分布直方图
    注:LMR为淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值;PLR为血小板与淋巴细胞比值;三角形网络可视化中每一个像素亮点代表Log‑Rank检验值,最亮的像素点处即为最佳截断值
    Figure  1.  The optimal cut‑off value of lymphocyte‑to‑monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet‑to‑lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in X‑tile software 1A: Visualization of LMR datasets using triangular networks; 1B: Histogram of the distribution of patients on both sides of the LMR optimal cut‑off value; 1C: Visualization of PLR datasets using triangular networks; 1D: Histogram of the distribution of patients on both sides of the PLR optimal cut‑off value

    术前LMR‑PLR评分为0、1、2分患者分别为11、42、63例。不同术前LMR‑PLR评分患者CA125、脉管侵犯、术后化疗比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);性别、年龄、ALT/AST、TBil、AFP、CEA、CA19‑9、肿瘤长径、TNM分期、手术切缘、肿瘤分化程度、神经侵犯比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1

    表  1  不同术前LMR‑PLR评分胰腺导管腺癌患者的临床病理特征(例)
    Table  1.  Clinicopathological features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with different preoperative lymphocyte‑to‑monocyte ratio combined with platelet‑to‑lymphocyte ratio score (case)
    LMR‑PLR评分例数性别年龄ALT/AST总胆红素甲胎蛋白
    <65岁≥65岁<2≥2<252 μmol/L≥252 μmol/L<7 μg/L≥7 μg/L
    0分1183651018392
    1分42291332103210366339
    2分633627471647165945310
    统计量值χ²=2.03χ²=2.21χ²=1.41χ²=4.75χ²=0.53
    P0.3620.3310.4950.0930.769
    注:LMR为淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值;PLR为血小板与淋巴细胞比值;ALT为丙氨酸转氨酶;AST为天冬氨酸转氨酶
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    116例患者均获得随访。随访时间为39(2~86)个月。116例患者术后1、2、3年生存率分别为50.9%、37.9%、19.3%,生存时间为13(1~85)个月,见图2。LMR‑PLR评分为0、1、2分患者生存时间分别为3(1~9)个月、7(2~56)个月、26(2~85)个月,3者生存情况比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=48.78,P<0.001)。见图3

    图  2  116例胰腺导管腺癌患者行胰腺癌根治术后的生存曲线
    Figure  2.  Survival curve of 116 patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
    图  3  不同淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值‑血小板与淋巴细胞比值评分胰腺导管腺癌患者行胰腺癌根治术后的生存曲线
    Figure  3.  Survival curve of patients with different preoperative lymphocyte‑to‑monocyte ratio combined with platelet⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratio score who underwent radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

    进一步两两比较结果显示:LMR‑PLR评分为0分患者分别与LMR‑PLR评分为1分、2分患者生存时间比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ²=7.85、33.88,P<0.05)。LMR‑PLR评分为1分患者与LMR‑PLR评分为2分患者生存时间比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=26.66,P<0.05)。

    单因素分析结果显示:CEA、CA125、CA19‑9、LMR‑PLR评分、肿瘤长径、TNM分期、肿瘤分化程度、术后化疗是影响PDAC患者预后的相关因素(P<0.05),而性别、年龄、ALT/AST、TBil、AFP、手术切缘、脉管及神经侵犯不是影响患者预后的相关因素(P>0.05)。见表2

    表  2  影响116例胰腺导管腺癌患者行胰腺癌根治术后预后的单因素分析
    Table  2.  Univariate analysis of prognosis in 116 patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
    临床病理因素赋值例数风险比95%可信区间P
    性别
    1731.160.77~1.750.488
    243
    年龄(岁)
    <651850.880.55~1.390.576
    ≥65231
    ALT/AST
    <21890.660.39~1.100.109
    ≥2227
    总胆红素(μmol/L)
    <252.011031.750.95~3.210.072
    ≥252.0213
    甲胎蛋白(μg/L)
    <71952.520.92~6.900.073
    ≥7221
    癌胚抗原(μg/L)
    <2.61501.921.26~2.930.002
    ≥2.6266
    CA125(U/mL)
    <12.41331.681.04~2.720.034
    ≥12.4283
    CA19‑9(U/mL)
    <450.91762.031.33~3.100.001
    ≥450.9240
    LMR‑PLR评分
    0分0110.310.22~0.43<0.001
    1分142
    2分263
    肿瘤长径(cm)
    <41591.581.05~2.390.029
    ≥4257
    TNM分期
    Ⅰ期1481.331.06~1.680.015
    Ⅱ期246
    Ⅲ期316
    Ⅳ期46
    手术切缘
    R00401.380.73~2.580.323
    R1176
    肿瘤分化程度
    低分化1400.560.37~0.860.008
    中、高分化276
    脉管侵犯
    1531.210.81~1.830.354
    263
    神经侵犯
    1340.870.55~1.360.534
    282
    术后化疗
    1440.620.41~0.940.023
    272
    注:LMR为淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值;PLR为血小板与淋巴细胞比值;ALT为丙氨酸转氨酶;AST为天冬氨酸转移酶
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    多因素分析结果显示:CEA、CA19‑9、LMR⁃PLR评分、肿瘤长径是影响PDAC患者预后的独立因素(P<0.05)。见表3

    表  3  影响116例胰腺导管腺癌患者行胰腺癌根治术后预后的多因素分析
    Table  3.  Multivariate analysis of prognosis in 116 patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
    临床病理因素b标准误Wald风险比95%可信区间P
    癌胚抗原0.470.234.211.611.02~2.540.040
    CA125-0.090.270.100.920.54~1.560.754
    CA19‑90.630.247.061.881.18~3.000.008
    LMR‑PLR评分-1.320.1947.360.270.19~0.39<0.001
    肿瘤长径0.630.265.931.871.13~3.090.015
    TNM分期-0.070.140.270.930.70~1.230.606
    肿瘤分化程度-0.170.230.530.840.53~1.330.465
    术后化疗-0.230.221.130.790.52~1.220.288
    注:LMR为淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值;PLR为血小板与淋巴细胞比值
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    根据多因素分析结果,应用CEA、CA19‑9、LMR⁃PLR评分、肿瘤长径构建列线图预测模型。见图4。绘制ROC曲线预测患者1、2、3年生存率的AUC分别为0.86(95%CI为0.79~0.93,P<0.001)、0.86(95%CI为0.79~0.92,P<0.001)、0.87(95%CI为0.78~0.95,P<0.001)。

    图  4  胰腺导管腺癌患者行胰腺癌根治术后1、2、3年生存率的列线图预测模型
    注:LMR为淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值;PLR为血小板与淋巴细胞比值
    Figure  4.  Nomogram prediction model in predicting 1‑, 2‑, and 3‑year survival rate in patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

    校准曲线结果显示:该列线图预测模型的预测生存率和实际生存率一致性较好(一致性指数为0.74)。见图5~7

    图  5  116例胰腺导管腺癌患者胰腺癌根治术后1年生存率列线图预测模型的受试者工作特征曲线和校准曲线 5A:受试者工作特征曲线;5B:校准曲线
    Figure  5.  The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve of nomogram prediction model in predicting 1‑year survival rate of 116 patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 5A: The ROC curve; 5B: The calibration curve
    图  6  116例胰腺导管腺癌患者胰腺癌根治术后2年生存率列线图预测模型的受试者工作特征曲线和校准曲线 6A:受试者工作特征曲线;6B:校准曲线
    Figure  6.  The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve of nomogram prediction model in predicting 2‑year survival rate of 116 patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 6A: The ROC curve; 6B: The calibration curve
    图  7  116例胰腺导管腺癌患者胰腺癌根治术后3年生存率列线图预测模型的受试者工作特征曲线和校准曲线 7A:受试者工作特征曲线;7B:校准曲线
    Figure  7.  The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve of nomogram prediction model in predicting 3‑year survival rate of 116 patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 7A: The ROC curve; 7B: The calibration curve

    决策曲线结果显示:在风险阈值为0.12~0.85,列线图预测模型预测性能优于单一因素的预测性能。见图8

    图  8  胰腺导管腺癌患者胰腺癌根治术后生存率列线图预测模型的决策曲线
    注:LMR为淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值;PLR为血小板与淋巴细胞比值;决策曲线显示出预测模型的临床净效益,有色曲线至紫色曲线与横线之间的范围为患者的临床净获益
    Figure  8.  The decision curve of nomogram prediction model in predicting survival rate of patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

    胰腺癌发病较隐匿、临床症状不明显,确诊时大部分患者已达到局部晚期或发生转移[2226]。治愈胰腺癌的首选方法是根治性手术,但术后复发率和病死率仍较高[2731]。因此,寻找预后预测指标对胰腺癌的治疗非常重要[32]。炎症被认为是癌症发展和进展的标志性特征[3334]。慢性胰腺炎作为胰腺癌的主要危险因素之一,其参与肿瘤的发生、发展及转移等重要过程[3537]

    本研究结果显示:LMR‑PLR评分与PDAC患者预后呈正相关,评分越高患者预后越好。因此,LMR‑PLR评分可以作为PDAC患者术后的一个预测指标。LMR‑PLR评分越高表明淋巴细胞数量相对增加越多,而单核细胞与PLT数量相对减少。淋巴细胞是免疫系统的主要成分,其不仅能够识别和清除外来异物,还可清除表面抗原发生异常的细胞,从而维持机体内环境稳定。已有研究结果显示:胰腺癌可通过抑制IL‑10和TGF‑β减少淋巴细胞生成,使抗肿瘤免疫功能降低,为肿瘤进展提供有利条件[3840]。单核细胞已成为恶性肿瘤发展和进展的重要调节因子,可通过吞噬作用直接杀死肿瘤细胞[4142]。肿瘤细胞产生肿瘤相关炎症介质刺激PLT增生。PLT衍生的生长因子赋予肿瘤细胞间充质样表型并打开毛细血管内皮加速远处器官的转移。最后,PLT分泌的生长因子刺激肿瘤细胞增殖至微转移灶[4348]

    目前炎症指标的最佳截断值未考虑时间相关的因素,故通过ROC曲线获取最佳截断值并不合适[49]。本研究采用X‑tile软件获取最佳截断值,综合术前LMR和PLR的最佳截断值形成LMR‑PLR评分标准。本研究多因素分析结果显示:LMR⁃PLR评分是影响PDAC患者胰腺癌根治术后预后的独立因素。根据多因素分析结果构建预测PDAC患者胰腺癌根治术后预后的列线图预测模型。决策曲线结果显示:在一定风险阈值范围内,列线图预测模型预测性能优于单一因素。

    本研究为回顾性单中心小样本研究,可能存在选择偏倚;胰腺癌患者的病理学类型仅限于PDAC,未对其余病理学类型进行讨论。其结论有待于大样本、多中心的临床研究加以验证。

    综上,CEA、CA19‑9、LMR‑PLR评分、肿瘤长径是PDAC患者根治术后预后的独立影响因素,其列线图预测模型可预测患者术后生存率。预测生存率和实际生存率一致性较好。在风险阈值为0.12~0.85,列线图预测模型预测性能优于单一因素预测性能。

    刘旭东:酝酿和设计研究方案,实施研究,起草文章;王云生、杜鹏、赵斌:修改论文并提供指导性支持;张国强、郑强、赖佳敏:采集整理数据并提供统计学指导;程志斌:酝酿和设计研究方案,修改论文并提供指导性支持
    所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
    刘旭东, 王云生, 杜鹏, 等. 术前淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值‑血小板与淋巴细胞比值评分模型对胰腺导管腺癌根治术预后的预测价值[J]. 中华消化外科杂志, 2023, 22(11): 1351-1360. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20230930-00125.

    http://journal.yiigle.com/LinkIn.do?linkin_type=cma&DOI=10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20230930-23125(new)

  • 图  1   X‑tile软件计算淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值(LMR)和血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)的最佳截断值 1A:三角形网络可视化呈现LMR数据集;1B:LMR最佳截断值两侧患者数量分布直方图;1C:三角形网络可视化呈现PLR数据集;1D:PLR最佳截断值两侧患者数量分布直方图

    注:LMR为淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值;PLR为血小板与淋巴细胞比值;三角形网络可视化中每一个像素亮点代表Log‑Rank检验值,最亮的像素点处即为最佳截断值

    Figure  1.   The optimal cut‑off value of lymphocyte‑to‑monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet‑to‑lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in X‑tile software 1A: Visualization of LMR datasets using triangular networks; 1B: Histogram of the distribution of patients on both sides of the LMR optimal cut‑off value; 1C: Visualization of PLR datasets using triangular networks; 1D: Histogram of the distribution of patients on both sides of the PLR optimal cut‑off value

    图  2   116例胰腺导管腺癌患者行胰腺癌根治术后的生存曲线

    Figure  2.   Survival curve of 116 patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

    图  3   不同淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值‑血小板与淋巴细胞比值评分胰腺导管腺癌患者行胰腺癌根治术后的生存曲线

    Figure  3.   Survival curve of patients with different preoperative lymphocyte‑to‑monocyte ratio combined with platelet⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratio score who underwent radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

    图  4   胰腺导管腺癌患者行胰腺癌根治术后1、2、3年生存率的列线图预测模型

    注:LMR为淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值;PLR为血小板与淋巴细胞比值

    Figure  4.   Nomogram prediction model in predicting 1‑, 2‑, and 3‑year survival rate in patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

    图  5   116例胰腺导管腺癌患者胰腺癌根治术后1年生存率列线图预测模型的受试者工作特征曲线和校准曲线 5A:受试者工作特征曲线;5B:校准曲线

    Figure  5.   The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve of nomogram prediction model in predicting 1‑year survival rate of 116 patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 5A: The ROC curve; 5B: The calibration curve

    图  6   116例胰腺导管腺癌患者胰腺癌根治术后2年生存率列线图预测模型的受试者工作特征曲线和校准曲线 6A:受试者工作特征曲线;6B:校准曲线

    Figure  6.   The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve of nomogram prediction model in predicting 2‑year survival rate of 116 patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 6A: The ROC curve; 6B: The calibration curve

    图  7   116例胰腺导管腺癌患者胰腺癌根治术后3年生存率列线图预测模型的受试者工作特征曲线和校准曲线 7A:受试者工作特征曲线;7B:校准曲线

    Figure  7.   The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve of nomogram prediction model in predicting 3‑year survival rate of 116 patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 7A: The ROC curve; 7B: The calibration curve

    图  8   胰腺导管腺癌患者胰腺癌根治术后生存率列线图预测模型的决策曲线

    注:LMR为淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值;PLR为血小板与淋巴细胞比值;决策曲线显示出预测模型的临床净效益,有色曲线至紫色曲线与横线之间的范围为患者的临床净获益

    Figure  8.   The decision curve of nomogram prediction model in predicting survival rate of patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

    表  1   不同术前LMR‑PLR评分胰腺导管腺癌患者的临床病理特征(例)

    Table  1   Clinicopathological features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with different preoperative lymphocyte‑to‑monocyte ratio combined with platelet‑to‑lymphocyte ratio score (case)

    LMR‑PLR评分例数性别年龄ALT/AST总胆红素甲胎蛋白
    <65岁≥65岁<2≥2<252 μmol/L≥252 μmol/L<7 μg/L≥7 μg/L
    0分1183651018392
    1分42291332103210366339
    2分633627471647165945310
    统计量值χ²=2.03χ²=2.21χ²=1.41χ²=4.75χ²=0.53
    P0.3620.3310.4950.0930.769
    注:LMR为淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值;PLR为血小板与淋巴细胞比值;ALT为丙氨酸转氨酶;AST为天冬氨酸转氨酶
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   影响116例胰腺导管腺癌患者行胰腺癌根治术后预后的单因素分析

    Table  2   Univariate analysis of prognosis in 116 patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

    临床病理因素赋值例数风险比95%可信区间P
    性别
    1731.160.77~1.750.488
    243
    年龄(岁)
    <651850.880.55~1.390.576
    ≥65231
    ALT/AST
    <21890.660.39~1.100.109
    ≥2227
    总胆红素(μmol/L)
    <252.011031.750.95~3.210.072
    ≥252.0213
    甲胎蛋白(μg/L)
    <71952.520.92~6.900.073
    ≥7221
    癌胚抗原(μg/L)
    <2.61501.921.26~2.930.002
    ≥2.6266
    CA125(U/mL)
    <12.41331.681.04~2.720.034
    ≥12.4283
    CA19‑9(U/mL)
    <450.91762.031.33~3.100.001
    ≥450.9240
    LMR‑PLR评分
    0分0110.310.22~0.43<0.001
    1分142
    2分263
    肿瘤长径(cm)
    <41591.581.05~2.390.029
    ≥4257
    TNM分期
    Ⅰ期1481.331.06~1.680.015
    Ⅱ期246
    Ⅲ期316
    Ⅳ期46
    手术切缘
    R00401.380.73~2.580.323
    R1176
    肿瘤分化程度
    低分化1400.560.37~0.860.008
    中、高分化276
    脉管侵犯
    1531.210.81~1.830.354
    263
    神经侵犯
    1340.870.55~1.360.534
    282
    术后化疗
    1440.620.41~0.940.023
    272
    注:LMR为淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值;PLR为血小板与淋巴细胞比值;ALT为丙氨酸转氨酶;AST为天冬氨酸转移酶
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   影响116例胰腺导管腺癌患者行胰腺癌根治术后预后的多因素分析

    Table  3   Multivariate analysis of prognosis in 116 patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

    临床病理因素b标准误Wald风险比95%可信区间P
    癌胚抗原0.470.234.211.611.02~2.540.040
    CA125-0.090.270.100.920.54~1.560.754
    CA19‑90.630.247.061.881.18~3.000.008
    LMR‑PLR评分-1.320.1947.360.270.19~0.39<0.001
    肿瘤长径0.630.265.931.871.13~3.090.015
    TNM分期-0.070.140.270.930.70~1.230.606
    肿瘤分化程度-0.170.230.530.840.53~1.330.465
    术后化疗-0.230.221.130.790.52~1.220.288
    注:LMR为淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值;PLR为血小板与淋巴细胞比值
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-09-29
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-06-24
  • 刊出日期:  2023-11-19

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