Abstract: Surgery is the main approach for treating surgical diseases, but it can bring traumatic stress to the body, causing metabolic changes and nutritional deficiencies. In addition to the primary surgical disease, the underlying health condition can also have an impact, and thus, at different stages, including preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and post‑discharge, surgical patients often experience varying degrees of metabolic changes and malnutrition. These metabolic changes and nutritional deficiencies at any stage can mutually influence each other, ultimately reducing the therapeutic effect of surgical treatment and affecting both short‑term and long‑term clinical outcomes. The concept and techniques of nutritional therapy have undergone rapid deve-lopment in recent decades, greatly improving the success rate of disease treatment. It is recommen-ded to promote the application of whole‑course nutritional management in surgery, which integrates nutritional screening, assessment, and intervention throughout the entire process of preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and post‑discharge care during the disease treatment and recovery process. This approach can maximize the therapeutic benefits of nutritional therapy, accelerate postoperative recovery, and improve patient′s prognosis. Based on clinical practices and literatures, the author explores the importance and necessity, primary tasks, key measures, and final guarantees of whole‑course nutritional management.