Abstract: Robotic surgical system natural orifice specimen extraction surgery in rectal cancer has been carried out for nearly 10 years, which has entered the mature stage of technology. Development of the surgery in a healthy, orderly, scientific and standardized manner needs systema-tic, strict and whole-process quality control. Based on relevant literatures at home and abroad, and combined with team practical experiences, the authors elaborate on the key points of quality control of robotic surgical system natural orifice specimen extraction surgery in radical resection of rectal cancer, from the aspects of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative quality control, as well as the quality control of surgeon training and qualifications, in order to provide reference for safe implementation and promotion of the surgery.