Abstract: Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgery is an important factor affecting the long‑term postoperative survival of patients. So far, there is no proven postoperative adjuvant therapy to prevent HCC recurrence and metastasis. Currently, alone or in combination using of systemic antitumor therapy, represented by targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and local therapies are under active investigation. Alliance of Chinese Expert Consensus on Post-operative Adjuvant Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Chinese College of Surgeons, Committee of Liver Cancer of Chinese Anti‑Cancer Association and Liver Cancer Group in Society of Oncology of Chinese Medical Association organize experts and scholars in related fields to discuss and revise for several times and finally formulate the Chinese Expert Consensus on Postoperative Adjuvant Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023 Edition), aiming to provide better guidance for clinicians to carry out postoperative adjuvant therapy on the basis of relevant evidence of HCC postoperative adjuvant therapy and clinical practice, so as to increase the survival benefits of HCC patients after surgery.