修正性减重手术的发展和反思

Development and reflection of revisional bariatric surgery

  • 摘要: 肥胖症是目前具有挑战性的全世界公共卫生问题之一。我国≥50%的成人存在超重或肥胖症。肥胖症已被证实为2型糖尿病、心脑血管疾病、结肠癌及其他特定恶性肿瘤的危险因素,严重威胁国人健康及生命质量。近20年来,随着减重手术的成熟发展,其对治疗肥胖症及其相关代谢性疾病的疗效及安全性得到广泛认可,同时提高患者预期寿命和生命质量。然而,部分减重手术后患者需行修正性减重手术,修正性减重手术率为5%~50%。修正性减重手术原因主要为减重效果不佳,包括体质量下降不明显、体质量反弹及相关代谢性疾病未得到明显改善甚至复发,其他原因还包括贫血、营养不良、长期慢性疼痛等。目前国内仅有中国医师协会外科医师分会肥胖和糖尿病外科医师委员会2018年提出的修正性减重手术东亚专家共识,临床实践中关于修正性减重手术的适应证、禁忌证、手术方式等仍无统一标准。笔者总结修正性减重手术的最新研究进展,旨在为临床实践提供指导价值。

     

    Abstract: Obesity is one of the most challenging global public health issues, and more than half of adults in Chia are overweight or obese. Obesity has been shown to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, colon cancer and other specific cancers, and has become a serious threat and even a danger to the health and quality of life of the nation. With the mature development of bariatric surgery in the last 20 years, it is now widely recognized for its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases, as well as improving patients′ life expectancy and quality of life. However, previous data from the literatures suggest that some patients require revisional surgery after bariatric surgery, with the incidence of revisional bariatric surgery as 5% to 50%. The main reasons for revisional bariatric surgery are poor post‑operative outcomes, including the lack of significant weight loss, weight regain and no significant improvement or even recurrence of associated metabolic disease, and other reasons include the development of anaemia, malnutrition and long‑term chronic pain. Currently, there is only the East Asian expert consensus on revised bariatric surgery proposed by Chinese Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery in 2018. However, there are still no uniform standards regarding the indications, contraindications and surgical modalities of revisional bariatric surgery in clinical practice. The authors summarize the latest researches of revisional bariatric surgery, in order to provide the guidance value for clinical practice.

     

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