Abstract: Biliary surgery has a long history. Since the Renaissance era, countless predece-ssors began to understand the biliary ducts, developed from cholecystectomy to extrahepatic bile duct exploration, and made significant progress. Academician Zhiqiang Huang firstly applied hepatectomy to the treatment of complex hepatolithiasis, and developed biliary surgery from extrahepatic bile duct to intrahepatic bile duct. The establishment and maturity of the "Precision biliary surgery technology system" marks the era of "segment" in biliary surgery. However, due to the many uncertainties of the concept and technology in the entire diagnosis and treatment process, biliary surgery is still one of the most complicated areas in abdominal surgery, and the prognosis is in urgent need of improvement. In the future, biliary surgery will make a breakthrough from the current hepatic segment to molecular level. Surgeons will cooperate with experts in various fields, make medical decisions based on big data and artificial intelligence, and perform more precise surgeries.